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In geometry, coaxial means that two or more three-dimensional linear forms share a common axis. Thus, it is concentric in three-dimensional, linear forms.
A coaxial cable, as a common example, is a three-dimensional linear structure. It has a wire conductor in the centre (D), a circumferential outer conductor (B), and an insulating medium called the dielectric (C) separating these two conductors. The outer conductor is usually sheathed in a protective PVC outer jacket (A). All these have a common axis.
The dimension and material of the conductors and insulation determine the cable's characteristic impedance and attenuation at various frequencies.
In loudspeaker design, coaxial speakers are a loudspeaker system in which the individual driver units radiate sound from the same point or axis.
A coaxial weapon mount places two weapons on [roughly] the same axis – as the weapons are usually side-by-side or one on top of the other, they are technically par-axial rather than coaxial, however the distances involved mean that they are effectively coaxial as far as the operator is concerned.