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Cavatina is a musical term, originally meaning a short song of simple character, without a second strain or any repetition of the air. It is now frequently applied to any simple, melodious air, as distinguished from brilliant arias or recitatives, many of which are part of a larger movement or scena in oratorio or opera.[1]
One famous cavatina is the 5th movement of Beethoven's String Quartet in B-flat major, Opus 130.[2] "Ecco, ridente in cielo" from Gioachino Rossini's opera Il Barbiere di Siviglia, "Porgi amor" and "Se vuol ballare" from Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro are also well-known cavatinas.
Probably the most popular cavatina is a melody for classical guitar by Stanley Myers that was subsequently used as the theme for The Deer Hunter.
In opera, the term has been described as:
a musical form appearing in operas and occasionally in cantatas and instrumental music....In opera the cavatina is an aria, generally of brilliant character, sung in one or two sections without repeats. It developed in the mid-18th century, coincident with the decline of the previously favoured da capo aria (in which the musical form is ABA, with the repeated A section given improvised variations). Examples occur in the operas of Mozart, Weber, and Rossini. In 19th-century bel canto operas of Bellini, Donizetti, and Verdi the term came to refer to a principal singer’s opening aria, whether in one movement or paired with a contrasting cabaletta.[3]
Derivation
In Italian the word is the diminutive of cavata, the producing of tone from an instrument. The Italian plural is cavatine.[3] In French it is the cavatine and in German Kavatine.[4]
References
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Grove, George (ed.) (1900). "Cavatina". A Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Vol. 1, p. 328. MacMillan & Co., Ltd
- ^ a b Encyclopædia Britannica online at britannica.com
- ^ "Cavatina". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. 2001.