| Yaña imlâ | |
|---|---|
| Script type | with some elements of an abjad |
Time period | 1920 to 1928 |
| Languages | |
| Languages | Tatar, Bashkir |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Arabic alphabet
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Yaña imlâ (Tatar: Яңа имля, pronounced [jʌˈŋɑ imˈlʲæ], lit. "New orthography") was a modified variant of Arabic script that was in use for the Tatar language between 1920–1927. The orthographical reform modified İske imlâ, abolishing excess Arabic letters, adding letters for short vowels e, ı, ö, o. Yaña imlâ made use of "Arabic Letter Low Alef" ⟨ࢭ⟩ to indicate vowel harmony. Arguably, Yaña imlâ had as its goal the accommodation of the alphabet to the actual Tatar pronunciation.
There were some projects that were to simplify Yaña imlâ too. The unique separated Arabic was invented (so as to use typewriters). Separated Arabic was even incorporated in the early flag of Tatar ASSR, though it was not in real use.
As early as in 1924 the first projects of Latin script were introduced and in 1928 alphabet was switched to the Latin Yañalif alphabet.
| Zamanälif | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial | Jaꞑalif | Modern Cyrillic Tatar alphabet | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | ئا | ـا | ا | ئا | a | а | |
| ä | ئە | ـە | ـە | ئە | ə | ә | |
| p | پ | ـپ | ـپـ | پـ | p | п | |
| b | ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ | ʙ | б | |
| t | ت | ـت | ـتـ | تـ | t | т | |
| c | ج | ـج | ـجـ | جـ | ç | җ | |
| ç | چ | ـچ | ـچـ | چـ | c | ч | |
| x | ح | ـح | ـحـ | حـ | x | х | |
| d | د | ـد | ـد | د | d | д | |
| r | ر | ـر | ـر | ر | r | р | |
| z | ز | ـز | ـز | ز | z | з | |
| j | ژ | ـژ | ـژ | ژ | ƶ | ж | |
| s | س | ـس | ـسـ | سـ | s | с | |
| ş | ش | ـش | ـشـ | شـ | ş | ш | |
| ğ | ع | ـع | ـعـ | عـ | ƣ | г(ъ) | Alternative Cyrillic transcription: ғ |
| f | ف | ـف | ـفـ | فـ | f | ф | |
| q | ق | ـق | ـقـ | قـ | q | к(ъ) | Alternative Cyrillic transcription: қ |
| k | ک | ـک | ـکـ | کـ | k | к | |
| g | گ | ـگ | ـگـ | گـ | g | г | |
| ñ | ڭ | ـڭ | ـڭـ | – | ꞑ | ң | Initial form not used due to the absence of ⟨ŋ⟩ as an initial consonant |
| l | ل | ـل | ـلـ | لـ | l | л | |
| m | م | ـم | ـمـ | مـ | m | м | |
| n | ن | ـن | ـنـ | نـ | n | н | |
| w | و | ـو | ـو | و | v | в | Alternative Cyrillic transcription: ў |
| y | ی | ـى | ـیـ | یـ | j | й | |
| i, í | ئی | ـى | ـیـ | ئیـ | i, ьj | и, ый | ࢭئی for í ئی for i |
| u, ü | ئو | ـو | ـو | ئو | u, y | у, ү | ࢭئو for u ئو for ü |
| o, ö | ئۇ | ـۇ | ـۇ | ئۇ | o, ɵ | о, ө | ࢭئۇ for o ئۇ for ö |
| ı, e | ئ | ـئ | ـئـ | ئـ | ь, e | ы, е | ࢭئـ for ı ئـ for e |
| h | ه | ـه | ـهـ | هـ | h | һ |
See also
Sources
- "Arabic alphabet". Tatar Encyclopaedia (in Tatar). Kazan: The Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.