) Class symbol | |
) | |
| Boat | |
|---|---|
| Crew | 2 (twin trapeze, since 2000) |
| Draft | 0.15 m (6 in) 0.76 m (2 ft 6 in) |
| Hull | |
| Hull weight | 155 kg (342 lb) (boat weight) 6.3 kg (14 lb) (mast tip weight) |
| LOA | 6.09 m (20.0 ft) |
| LWL | 5.84 m (19 ft 2 in) |
| Beam | 3.08 m (10 ft 1 in) |
| Rig | |
| Mast length | 9.08 m (29 ft 9 in) |
| Sails | |
| Mainsail area | 16.61 m2 (178.8 sq ft) |
| Jib/genoa area | 5.33 m2 (57.4 sq ft) |
| Spinnaker area | 25.00 m2 (269.1 sq ft) |
| Racing | |
| D-PN | 59.0 |
| RYA PN | 644 |
| Former Olympic class | |
The Tornado is a double handed multihull class recognised as an International Class by the International Sailing Federation. It was used for the Catamaran discipline at the Olympic Games from 1976 to 2008.
Design
)
One hull flying
The boat was designed in 1967 by Rodney March from the Isle of Sheppey, England. At the IYRU Olympic Catamaran Trials for international status, where it defeated other catamarans.[1]
To increase its performance even further, the Tornado was modified in 2001, with a new sail plan which included a spinnaker and spinnaker boom, as well as an increased sail area of the existing sails. An additional trapeze was also added, and the jib was made self tacking.[1]
The Tornado is among the fastest double handed catamarans, with an ISAF Small Catamaran Handicap Rating System rating of 0.934 and a D-PN of 59.0.[2] It is the fastest catamaran in the RYA Portsmouth Yardstick scheme, with a 2015 Portsmouth Number of 634.[3]
Events
Olympics
The Tornado was used as the equipment for the multihull discipline in the Olympic Games from 1976 through 2008, when multihulls were deselected. Please see the individual years for results Olympic Sailing Regatta
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 Montreal |  Great Britain (GBR)Reginald White John Osborn |  United States (USA)David McFaull Michael Rothwell |  West Germany (FRG)Jörg Spengler Jörg Schmall |
| 1980 Moscow | .svg.png "Brazil"){kind=small} Brazil (BRA)Lars Sigurd Bjorkström Alexandre Welter |  Denmark (DEN)Peter Due Per Kjergard |  Sweden (SWE)Göran Marström Jörgen Ragnarsson |
| 1984 Los Angeles |  New Zealand (NZL)Rex Sellers Chris Timms | United States (USA) Randy Smyth Jay Glaser |  Australia (AUS)Christopher Cairns John Anderson |
| 1988 Seoul |  France (FRA)Jean Le Deroff Nicolas Hénard | New Zealand (NZL) Chris Timms Rex Sellers | Brazil (BRA) Lars Grael Clinio Freitas |
| 1992 Barcelona | France (FRA) Yves Loday Nicolas Hénard | United States (USA) Randy Smyth Keith Notary | Australia (AUS) Mitch Booth John Forbes |
| 1996 Atlanta |  Spain (ESP)Fernando León José Luis Ballester | Australia (AUS) Mitch Booth Andrew Landenberger |  Brazil (BRA)Lars Grael Henrique Pellicano |
| 2000 Sydney |  Austria (AUT)Roman Hagara Hans Peter Steinacher | Australia (AUS) Darren Bundock John Forbes | Germany (GER) Roland Gäbler René Schwall |
| 2004 Athens | Austria (AUT) Roman Hagara Hans Peter Steinacher | United States (USA) John Lovell Charlie Ogletree |  Argentina (ARG)Santiago Lange Carlos Espínola |
| 2008 Beijing | Spain (ESP) Antón Paz Fernando Echavarri | Australia (AUS) Darren Bundock Glenn Ashby | Argentina (ARG) Santiago Lange Carlos Espínola |
World Championships
Open
Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1968 Kiel |  Great BritainIan Tremlett Bill Tremlett | ||
| 1969 Melbourne | .svg.png){kind=small} AustraliaMaurice Davies Ian Ramsay | Australia Jim Dachtler | |
| 1970 Eau Galle, Florida |  United StatesPaul Lindenberg Jack Sammons | ||
| 1971 Weymouth | Great Britain Ian Fraser Tim Coventry | ||
| 1972 Travemünde |  AustriaRobert Jessenig Hans Polaschegg | United States John Weiser | Great Britain Ian Fraser |
| 1973 Toronto | United States Bruce Stewart Bruce Harvey | United States John Weiser Cappy Sheeley | United States Roy Seaman |
| 1974 Honolulu | Austria Robert Jessenig Hans Polaschegg | United States R Paul Allen Woody Cox | United States David McFaull Michael Rothwell |
| 1975 Copenhagen |  West GermanyJörg Spengler Jörg Schmall | Great Britain Reginald White John Osborn | United States Bruce Badeau Douglas Cummings |
| 1976 Sydney | Great Britain Reginald White John Osborn | Australia Brian Lewis Warren Rock | Australia Jim Dachtler |
| 1977 Long Beach | West Germany Jörg Spengler Rolf Dullenkopf | Australia Brian Lewis Warren Rock | United States Keith Notari Dave Gamblin |
| 1978 Weymouth |  Soviet UnionViktor Potapov Aleksander Sybin | Great Britain Reginald White Stephen Olle | Australia Brian Lewis Warren Rock |
| 1979 Kiel | Great Britain Reginald White Stephen Olle |  DenmarkPeter Due Per Kjaergaard | West Germany Tobias Neuhann Herbert Plenk |
| 1980 Auckland | Soviet Union Viktor Potapov Aleksander Sybin | Austria Hans Prack Gottlieb Peer | West Germany Jörg Spengler Jörg Schmall |
| 1981 Carnac | United States Randy Smyth Jay Glaser | Soviet Union Jakov Kliver Sergey Fogilev |  FranceYves Loday Christian Buet |
| 1982 Kingston | United States Randy Smyth Jay Glaser | ||
| 1983 Hayling Island | Australia Christopher Cairns Scott Anderson |  NetherlandsWilly van Bladel Huub Lambriex | France Yves Loday Franck Aussedat |
| 1984 Melbourne | Australia Christopher Cairns Scott Anderson | United States Randy Smyth Jay Glaser | Netherlands Willy van Bladel Huub Lambriex |
| 1985 Travemünde | Great Britain Robert White Jeremy Newman | United States Randy Smyth Jay Glaser | Denmark Paul Elvstrøm Trine Elvstrøm |
| 1986 Hamilton | Great Britain Robert White Jeremy Newman | West Germany Stephan Lange Michael Starken | Great Britain Greg White Daniel Campbell-Jones |
| 1987 Kiel | Austria Andreas Hagara Roman Hagara | Australia Christ Cairns John Forbes |  ItalyGiorgio Zuccoli Luca Santella |
| 1988 Tallinn | Soviet Union Yuri Konovalov (sailor) Sergey Kravtsov | France Jean-Yves Le Déroff Nicolas Hénard | Italy Giorgio Zuccoli Luca Santella |
| 1989 Houston | Australia Mitch Booth John Forbes | Italy Giorgio Zuccoli Angelo Glisoni | Australia Allan Goddell Greg Cann |
| 1990 Medemblik | France Christophe Clevenot Maurice Eisenblatter | Australia Brad Schafferius Lachlan Gilbert | Austria Andreas Hagara Roman Hagara |
| 1991 Cagliari | Italy Giorgio Zuccoli Angelo Glisoni | Italy Walter Pirinoli Marco Pirinoli | Germany Oliver Schwall René Schwall |
| 1992 Perth | Australia Mitch Booth John Forbes | Germany Oliver Schwall René Schwall | France Frederic le Peutrec Richard de Mec |
| 1993 Long Beach | Germany Oliver Schwall René Schwall | Australia Mitch Booth John Forbes | France Christophe Clevenot Yvon Quernec |
| 1994 Båstad |  SpainFernando León José Luis Ballester | Germany Helge Sach Jens-Christian Sach | Australia Mitch Booth John Forbes |
| 1995 Kingston | Italy Walter Pirinoli Marco Pirinoli | France Jean-Christofer Mourniac Philippe Mourniac | Spain Fernando León José Luis Ballester |
| 1996 Brisbane | Germany Roland Gäbler Frank Parlow | Spain Fernando León José Luis Ballester | Australia Darren Bundock John Forbes |
| 1997 Hamilton | Germany Roland Gäbler René Schwall | Spain Fernando León José Luis Ballester | Australia Mitch Booth Andrew Beashel |
| 1998 Buzios | Australia Darren Bundock John Forbes | Germany Roland Gäbler René Schwall | Spain Fernando León José Luis Ballester |
| 1999 Vallensbæk | Austria Roman Hagara Hans-Peter Steinacher | Austria Andreas Hagara Wolfgang Moser | Germany Roland Gäbler René Schwall |
| 2000 Sydney | Germany Roland Gäbler René Schwall | Austria Roman Hagara Hans-Peter Steinacher | France Jean-Christofer Mourniac Philippe Mourniac |
| 2001 Richards Bay | Australia Darren Bundock John Forbes | Austria Roman Hagara Hans-Peter Steinacher | Great Britain Hugh Styles Adam May |
| 2002 Edgartown | Australia Darren Bundock John Forbes | France Olivier Backes Laurent Voiron | Netherlands Mitch Booth Herbert Dercksen |
| 2003 Cádiz | Australia Darren Bundock John Forbes | Great Britain Leigh McMillan Mark Bulkeley |  ArgentinaSantiago Lange Carlos Espínola |
| 2004 Palma de Mallorca | Argentina Santiago Lange Carlos Espínola | United States John Lovell Charlie Ogletree | Australia Darren Bundock John Forbes |
| 2005 La Rochelle | Spain Fernando Echavarri Antón Paz | Great Britain Leigh McMillan Will Howden | France Xavier Revil Christophe Espagnon |
| 2006 San Isidro | Australia Darren Bundock Glenn Ashby | Argentina Santiago Lange Carlos Espínola | Austria Roman Hagara Hans-Peter Steinacher |
| 2007 Cascais | Spain Fernando Echavarri Antón Paz | .svg.png){kind=small} BelgiumCarolijn Brouwer Sébastien Godefroid | Netherlands Mitch Booth Pim Nieuwenhuis |
| 2008 North Shore City | Australia Darren Bundock Glenn Ashby | .svg.png){kind=small} CanadaOskar Johansson Kevin Stittle | France Yann Guichard Alexandre Guyader |
| 2009 Bogliaco | Australia Darren Bundock Glenn Ashby | Austria Thomas Zajac Thomas Czajka |  GreeceIordanis Paschalidis Konstantinos Trigkonis |
| 2010 Travemünde | Germany Roland Gäbler Nahid Gäbler | Greece Iordanis Paschalidis Konstantinos Trigkonis | Germany Helge Sach Christian Sach |
| 2011 Biel | Greece Iordanis Paschalidis Konstantinos Trigkonis | Germany Roland Gäbler Nahid Gäbler | Australia Brett Burvill Ryan Duffield |
| 2012 Torbole | Greece Iordanis Paschalidis Konstantinos Trigkonis | Germany Roland Gäbler Nahid Gäbler | Italy Matteo Ferraglia Lorenzo Bianchini |
| 2013 Ibiza | Greece Iordanis Paschalidis Konstantinos Trigkonis | Germany Roland Gäbler Nahid Gäbler | Australia Brett Burvill Faris Chase |
| 2014 Nedlands | Greece Iordanis Paschalidis Konstantinos Trigkonis | Australia Brett Burvill Ryan Duffield | Germany Roland Gäbler Nahid Gäbler |
| 2015 Carnac | Greece Iordanis Paschalidis Konstantinos Trigkonis | Germany Roland Gäbler Nahid Gäbler | Greece Mavros Nikolaos Tagaropoulos Alexandros |
| 2016 Lindau | Iordanis Paschalidis (GRE) Konstantinos Trigkonis (GRE) | Australia Gavin Colby Billy Leonard | Estela Jentsch (GER) Daniel Brown (GER) |
| 2017 Thessaloniki (GRE) 23 Boats | Iordanis Paschalidis (GRE) Konstantinos Trigkonis (GRE) | ||
| 2018 La Grande Motte (FRA) 24 Boats | Iordanis Paschalidis (GRE) Konstantinos Trigkonis (GRE) | Brett Burvill (AUS) Max Puttman (AUS) | Estela Jentsch (GER) Daniel Brown (GER) |
| 2019 Takapuna (NZL) 23 Boats [4] | Brett Burvill (AUS) Max Puttman (AUS) |  Jorg Steiner (SUI) Michael Gloor (SUI) | Estela Jentsch (GER) Daniel Brown (GER) |
Mixed
Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 Travemünde | Germany Roland Gäbler Nahid Gäbler | Germany Kiki Loweg Florian Loweg | Germany Andreas Behem Katharina Behem |
| 2011 Biel | Germany Roland Gäbler Nahid Gäbler | Austria Nicole Salzmann Dietmar Salzmann |  SwitzerlandMartin Rusterholz Julia Rusterholz |
| 2012 Torbole | Germany Roland Gäbler Nahid Gäbler | Germany Dieter Maurer Maren Odefey | Spain Jürgen Jentsch Sarah Steimer Klees |
| 2013 Ibiza | Germany Roland Gäbler Nahid Gäbler | Switzerland Jean-Marc Cuanillion Gudrun Kolb | Greece Maria Tsausidou Michael Papadopolus |
| 2014 Nedlands | Germany Roland Gäbler Nahid Gäbler | Spain Jürgen Jentsch Sarah Steimer Klees | Greece Maria Tsausidou Marc Baier |
| 2015 Carnac | Germany Roland Gäbler Nahid Gäbler | Switzerland Jean-Marc Cuanillion Gudrun Kolb |  Czech RepublicZdeněk Pavlis Michaela Pavlisova |
| 2016 Lindau | Australia Brett Burvill Estela Jentsch | Greece Maria Tsausidou Michael Papadopolus | Czech Republic Zdeněk Pavlis Michaela Pavlisova |
See also
- List of multihulls
References
- ^ a b Forbes, John; Young, Jim (2003). "A Brief Tornado History—The Story of the Tornado, the Olympic Catamaran". International Tornado Class Association. Retrieved 2016-01-27.
- ^ "Multihull Classes". U.S. Sailing. 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-01-20. Retrieved 2016-01-27.
- ^ "Portsmouth Number List 2015" (PDF). Royal Yachting Association. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-01-27.
For any catamaran classes that do not appear on this list but that have a published SCHRS number on http://www.schrs.com/ratings.php it is possible to use a conversion factor of 675 as agreed between the Portsmouth Yardstick Group and SCHRS Technical Committee. To convert from SCHRS to PY, simply multiply the SCHRS number by 675 e.g: Tornado = 0.939(SCHRS) x 675 = 634 (PY) If using the conversion factor please return results to http://www.pys.org.uk using the correct class designation.
- ^ https://www.sailwave.com/results/2019_Tornado_World_Championship.htm