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Timeline of Eastern philosophers

Timeline of Eastern | Western philosophers

This is a wide-ranging alphabetical list of philosophers from the Eastern traditions of philosophy, with special interest in Indo-Chinese philosophy. The list stops at the year 1950, after which philosophers fall into the category of contemporary philosophy.

Chinese philosophers

Ancient Chinese philosophers

Before 256 BCE (until the end of the Zhou dynasty)

  • Guan Zhong (died in 645 BCE)
  • Confucius (traditionally 551–479 BCE) — founder of Confucianism
  • Sun Tzu (c. 544–c. 496 BCE) — military philosopher
  • Laozi (probably 6th century BCE) — founder of Taoism
475–221 BCE (Warring States period)
  • Gaozi (c. 420 BCE)
  • Liezi (c. 440–c. 360 BCE)
  • Mencius (most accepted dates: 372–289 BCE; other possible dates: 385–303 BCE or 302 BCE) — political philosopher, social contract
  • Mozi (c. 470–c. 390 BCE) — political and religious philosopher
  • Gongsun Longzi (fl. 300 BCE) — School of Names
  • Xu Xing (c. 315 BCE)
  • Hui Shi (4th century BCE)—School of Names
  • Shang Yang (died 338 BCE) — Legalist bureaucrat
  • Shen Buhai (died 337 BCE) — Legalist bureaucrat
  • Shen Dao (c. 350–275 BCE)
  • Song Xing (360–290 BCE)
  • Yang Zhu (370–319 BCE)— Usually classified as a Hedonist
  • Zhuang Zhou (Zhuangzi, c. 4th century BCE) — major Taoist philosopher
  • Han Feizi (died 233 BCE) — totalistic legalism
  • Xunzi (c.310–237 BCE) — Confucianist, pessimistic about human nature
  • Zou Yan (305?–240? BCE)— School of Naturalists, Yin-Yang, Five Elements

221 BCE–220 CE (Qin, Han and Xin dynasties)

220 CE–907 CE (Three Kingdoms period to Tang dynasty)

907–1368 (Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period to Yuan dynasty)

  • Chang Tsai (1020–1077)
  • Cheng Hao (1032–1085) — established the Confucian "School of Mind"
  • Cheng Yi (1033–1107)
  • Zhou Dunyi (1017–1073)
  • Hu Yuan (993–1059) — revived Confucianism
  • Shao Yung (1011–1077)
  • Zhu Xi (1130–1200) — thinker of the Confucianist "School of Principle"
  • Hu-Hung (1100–1155)
  • Lu Jiuyuan (1139–1193)

1368–1912 (Ming and Qing dynasties)

Modern Chinese philosophers

1912–1950

  • Ch'ien Mu (1895–1990)
  • Thomé H. Fang (1899–1976)
  • Feng Youlan (1895–1990)
  • Xiong Shili (1885–1968)
  • Xu Fuguan (1903–1982)
  • Hu Shih (1891–1962)
  • Liang Shuming (1893–1988)
  • Zhang Dongsun (1886–1973)
  • Liu Shaoqi (1898–1969)
  • Mao Zedong (1893–1976)
  • Mou Tsung-san (1909–1995)
  • T'ang Chun-i (1909–1978)
  • Hao Wang (1921–1995)

Indian philosophers

Ancient Indian philosophers

Early Vedic age 1500-800BCE (Saptarishi)

Late Vedic age 800–400 BCE (Sectarianism)

  • Parshvanatha Parshvanatha(between 872 and 772 BCEParshvanatha) is the earliest Jain tirthankara who is generally acknowledged as a historical figure.
  • Aruni (between 750 and 650 BCE) credited with laying the foundation of Indian atomism
  • Yajnavalkya (between 700 and 600 BCE) credited for coining Advaita (non-dual, monism), an important tradition within Hinduism
  • Makkhali Gosala (between 600 and 500 BCE) — founder Ājīvika philosophy
  • Pāṇini (between 600 and 500 BCE) — made contributions to Philosophy of language and Sanskrit grammar
  • Siddhartha Gautama (c. 563–483 BCE) — founder of Buddhism
  • Mahākāśyapa — Most Venerable Mahā Kāshyapa Maha Thero
  • Bṛhaspati — Founder of Cārvāka philosophy
  • Mahavira (599–527 BCE) — heavily influenced Jainism, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism
  • Badarayana (lived between 500 BCE and 400 BCE) — Author of Brahma Sutras
  • Kapila (c. 500 BCE) founder of Sankhya philosophy

321–184 BCE (Maurya Empire)

  • Shvetashvatara — Author of earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy of Shaivism
  • Chanakya (c. 350–275 BCE) — A pioneer in the field of economics and political science
  • Jaimini (c. 300–200 BCE) — Author of Purva Mimamsa Sutras
  • Aksapada Gautama (c. 2nd century BCE) — founder of Nyaya philosophy
  • Kanada — founder of Vaisheshika
  • Pingala — Renowned for his work on Combinatorics and Sanskrit prosody

184 BCE–100 CE (Early Middle Kingdoms Begin—The Golden Age)

  • Patanjali — Author of Yoga Sutra and a commentary on Panini
  • Thiruvalluvar (c. 1st century BCE–2nd century CE), best known for authoring the Tirukkuṛaḷ, a collection of couplets on ethics

100–300 (Cholas, Cheras, Pandavas and Kushan Empire)

300–550 (Gupta Empire)

  • Vasubandhu (c. 4th century) — one of the main founders of the Yogacara school
  • Asanga (c. 4th century) — one of the main founders of the Yogacara school
  • Bodhidharma (c. 440–528) — founder of Zen Buddhism
  • Vatsyayana (c. 450–500) — author of commentary on Nyāya Sūtras and Kama Sutra
  • Bhartrhari (450–510) — contributed to linguistic theory
  • Buddhaghosa (c. 5th century)
  • Siddhasena Divākara (c. 5th century) — Jain logician and author of important works in Sanskrit and Prakrit
  • Dignāga (c. 5th century) — one of the Buddhist founders of Indian logic
  • Śīlabhadra (c. 529-645) He is best known as being an abbot of Nālandā monastery in India, as being an expert on Yogācāra teachings, and for being the personal tutor of the Chinese Buddhist monk Xuanzang.
  • Udyotakara Udyotakara(c. 6th–7th century) — Nyaya Philosopher

600–900 (Late Middle Kingdoms—The Classical Age)

900–1100 (The Islamic Sultanates)

  • Abhinavagupta (c. 975–1025)
  • Atiśa (c. 980-1054) He was one of the major figures in the spread of Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism in Asia and inspired Buddhist thought from Tibet to Sumatra
  • Udayana (c. 10th century) he was a very important Hindu logician who attempted to reconcile the views held by the two major schools of logic (Nyaya and Vaisheshika).
  • Ramanuja (c. 1017–1137) — founder of Vishishtadvaita or Qualified Non-dualism

1100–1500 (Vijaynagara Empire and Delhi Sultanate)

1500–1800 (Mughal Empire, Rajput Kingdoms and Marahtha Confederacy Era)

  • Mirabai (1498–1557) Bhakti saint & devotee of Krishna
  • Nanak (c. 1469–1539) — Bhakti Philosopher, Founder of Sikhism
  • Bhai gurdas :foundation sikh philosophy ,Indian six school interpretation
  • Madhusūdana Sarasvatī (c. 1540–1640)
  • Vijñānabhikṣu (c. 1550–1600) — synthesized Vedānta, Sāṃkhya, and Yoga into avibhagādvaita ("indistinguishable non-dualism")
  • Gadadhara Bhattacharya (17th century) — Nyaya philosopher

Modern Indian philosophers

1800–1947 (Colonial and Postcolonial Era)

Japanese philosophers

Ancient Japanese philosophers

Until 1185 CE (until the end of the Heian period)

  • Kūkai (774–835)
  • Hōnen (1133–1212)

1185–1333 (Kamakura period)

1333–1867 (Muromachi period to Edo period)

Modern Japanese philosophers

1867–1950

Korean philosophers

Ancient Korean philosophers

Until 676 CE (until the end of the Three Kingdoms period)

  • Seungrang (c. 6th century)

676–935 (Unified Silla period)

935–1392 (Goryeo period)

  • Uicheon (1055–1101)
  • Jinul (1158–1210)

1392–1910 (Joseon period)

  • Jeong Do-jeon (1342–1398)
  • Seo Gyeong-deok (1489–1546)
  • Yi Eon-jeok (1491–1553)
  • Jo Sik (1501–1572)
  • Yi Hwang (1501–1570)
  • Yi I (1536–1584)
  • Jeong Je-du (1649–1736)
  • Jeong Yak-yong (1762–1836)
  • Kim Jeong-hui (1786–1856)
  • Choi Han-gi (1803–1879)
  • Choi Je-u (1824–1864)
  • Yi Je-ma (1838–1900)

Modern Korean philosophers

1910–1950

Tibetan philosophers

See also

References


External links

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