Taxonomy

Taxonomy (general) is the practice and science of classification of things or concepts, including the principles that underlie such classification. Originally used only about biological classification, taxonomy has developed to be a synonym for classification (see Classification (general theory)).

Specific taxonomies include:

Natural sciences

Taxonomy (biology), a branch of science that encompasses the description, identification, nomenclature, and classification of organisms
- Alpha taxonomy, the description and basic classification of new species, subspecies, and other taxa
  - Linnaean taxonomy, the original classification scheme of Carl Linnaeus
  - rank-based scientific classification as opposed to clade-based classification
- Evolutionary taxonomy, traditional post-Darwinian hierarchical biological classification
- Numerical taxonomy, various taxonomic methods employing numeric algorithms
- Phenetics, system for ordering species based on overall similarity
- Phylogenetics, biological taxonomy based on putative ancestral descent of organisms
- Plant taxonomy
- Virus classification, taxonomic system for viruses
Meteorology, science and relevant technology and engineering, concerning inhomogenous and/or problematic atmospheric conditions
Folk taxonomy, description and organization, by individuals or groups, of their own environments
Nosology, classification of diseases
Soil classification, systematic categorization of soils

Computing

Flynn's taxonomy, a classification for instruction-level parallelism methods
Folksonomy, classification based on user's tags
Taxonomy for search engines, considered as a tool to improve relevance of search within a vertical domain

Business and economics

Corporate taxonomy, the hierarchical classification of entities of interest to an enterprise, organization or administration
Economic taxonomy, a system of classification for economic activity
- Global Industry Classification Standard, an industry taxonomy developed by MSCI and Standard & Poor's (S&P)
- Industry Classification Benchmark, an industry classification taxonomy launched by Dow Jones and FTSE
- International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), a United Nations system for classifying economic data
- North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), used in Canada, Mexico, and the United States of America
- Pavitt's Taxonomy, classification of firms by their principal sources of innovation
- Standard Industrial Classification, a system for classifying industries by a four-digit code
- United Kingdom Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities, a Standard Industrial Classification by type of economic activity
Records management taxonomy, the representation of data, upon which the classification of unstructured content is based, within an organization.
XBRL Taxonomy, eXtensible Business Reporting Language
SRK taxonomy, in workplace user-interface design

Education and academia

Bloom's taxonomy, a standardized categorization of learning objectives in an educational context
Classification of Instructional Programs, a taxonomy of academic disciplines at institutions of higher education in the United States
Mathematics Subject Classification, an alphanumerical classification scheme based on the coverage of Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH
SOLO taxonomy, Structure of Observed Learning Outcome, proposed by Biggs and Collis Tax

Safety

Safety taxonomy, a standardized set of terminologies used within the fields of safety and health care
- Human Factors Analysis and Classification System, a system to identify the human causes of an accident
- Swiss cheese model, a model used in risk analysis and risk management propounded by Dante Orlandella and James T. Reason
- A taxonomy of rail incidents in Confidential Incident Reporting & Analysis System (CIRAS)

Other taxonomies

ACM Computing Classification System, a subject classification system for computing devised by the Association for Computing Machinery
Military taxonomy, a set of terms that describe various types of military operations and equipment
Legal Taxonomy, a subject classification for law devised by Elizabeth Moys