Resuscitation

Resuscitation is the process of correcting physiological disorders (such as lack of breathing or heartbeat) in an acutely ill patient. It is an important part of intensive care medicine, trauma surgery and emergency medicine. Well known examples are cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

Variables

System	Example causes		Biomarker		Treatment
Hypoperfusion (Circulatory shock)	Haemorrhagic shock	Hypovolemia (Hypovolemic shock)	Intravascular volume status (Preload)	Heart rate (Tachycardia) / Systolic blood pressure (Hypotension) / Decreased urine output	Intravenous fluid / Intraosseous infusion / Blood transfusion with packed red blood cells
	Cardiogenic shock		Cardiac output		Positive inotropic agents / Chronotropes
	Distributive shock	Sepsis (Septic shock)	Vascular permeability		Vasopressors
	Distributive shock	Neurogenic shock	Total peripheral resistance		Vasopressors
	Obstructive shock	Cardiac tamponade	Beck's triad		Pericardiocentesis/Thoracotomy with pericardial window
		Tension pneumothorax			Thoracentesis/Chest drain
		Pulmonary embolism			Thrombolysis/Embolectomy
Acid–base imbalance	Acidosis		pH		Sodium bicarbonate
Acid–base imbalance	Alkalosis		pH		Interventional/Supportive
Gas exchange (Respiratory failure)	Hypercapnia		PaCO2		Interventional/Supportive
Gas exchange (Respiratory failure)	Hypoxia		PaO2		Oxygen therapy
Altered level of consciousness	Coma	Narcosis (Drug overdose) / Stroke (Intracranial hemorrhage)	Glasgow Coma Scale		Interventional/Supportive
Blood sugar regulation	Hyperglycemia		Blood sugar		Insulin
Blood sugar regulation	Hypoglycemia		Blood sugar		Glucose
Electrolyte imbalance	Hyperkalemia		Serum potassium		Calcium chloride/Calcium diglutamate, others
Electrolyte imbalance	Hypokalemia		Serum potassium		Potassium
Coagulopathy	Hypocoagulability		Coagulation screen		Fresh frozen plasma/Cryoprecipitate/Platelets