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In human anatomy, a pilaster is a ridge that extends vertically across the femur, which is unique to modern humans. Its structural function is unclear.[1]
Definition
In discussing Leon Battista Alberti's use of pilasters, which Alberti reintroduced into wall-architecture, Rudolf Wittkower wrote: "The pilaster is the logical transformation of the column for the decoration of a wall. It may be defined as a flattened column which has lost its three-dimensional and tactile value."[2]
A pilaster appears with a capital.[3] and entablature, also in "low-relief" or flattened against the wall. Generally, a pilaster often repeats all parts and proportions of an order column; however, unlike it, a pilaster is usually devoid of entasis.
Pilasters often appear on the sides of a door frame or window opening on the facade of a building, and are sometimes paired with columns or pillars set directly in front of them at some distance away from the wall, which support a roof structure above, such as a portico. These vertical elements can also be used to support a recessed archivolt around a doorway. The pilaster can be replaced by ornamental brackets supporting the entablature or a balcony over a doorway.
When a pilaster appears at the corner intersection of two walls it is known as a canton.[4]
As with a column, a pilaster can have a plain or fluted surface to its profile and can be represented in the mode of numerous architectural styles. During the Renaissance and Baroque architects used a range of pilaster forms.[5] In the giant order pilasters appear as two storeys tall, linking floors in a single unit.
The fashion of using this element from ancient Greek and Roman architecture was adopted in the Italian Renaissance, gained wide popularity with Greek Revival architecture, and continues to be seen in some modern architecture.
Pilaster is frequently also referred to as a non-ornamental, load-bearing architectural element in non-classical architecture where a structural load must be carried by a wall or column next to a wall and the wall thickens to accommodate the structural requirements of the wall.
Gallery
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Two fragments of French pilasters, made of oak, in the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum (New York City)
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Illustrations of Corinthian pilasters, from Germany, in the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum
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Part of a Renaissance Corinthian pilaster of the Hôtel du Vieux-Raisin (Toulouse, France)
Pilaster in Strasbourg (France), being Renaissance and Louis XIV style at the same time
Two pilasters between which is a door, in Lyon (France)
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Capital of a Doric pilaster from Lviv
Corinthianesque capital of a pilaster from Grottaferrata (Italy)
Colossal order of Composite pilasters. 1st and 2nd floors of a 19th-century building, 8 avenue de l'Opéra (Paris)
Door between two pairs of Ionic pilasters in Paris
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Door between a pair of Doric pilasters in Montpellier (France)
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Capital of an Ionic pilaster with a festoon, in Valenciennes (France)
Door between a pair of Doric pilasters, in Enkhuizen (the Netherlands)
House from 1663, decorated with Corinthian pilasters, in Workum (the Netherlands)
Doric pilasters on the Jesuit Church of Sibiu (Transylvania, Romania)
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See also
- Glossary of architecture
- Classical order
- Lesene
- Post and lintel
Notes
- ^ Smith, Fred; Cartmill, Matt (20 September 2011). The Human Lineage. John Wiley & Sons. p. 601. ISBN 1118211456.
- ^ Wittkower, Rudolf (1940). "Alberti's Approach to Antiquity in Architecture". Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. London: Warburg Institute. 4 (1/2: Oct., 1940 - Jan., 1941): 3. JSTOR 750120.
- ^ A useful phrase to identify a section of pilaster without a capital, with only its fluting to identify its relation to a column, is "pilaster strip".
- ^ Ching, Francis D. K. (1995). A Visual Dictionary of Architecture. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. ISBN 0-442-02462-2, p. 266.
- ^ Mark Jarzombek, "Pilaster Play" (PDF), Thresholds, 28 (Winter 2005): 34–41
References
- Lewis, Philippa and Gillian Darley, Dictionary of Ornament (1986) NY: Pantheon