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Patrol boat

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A patrol boat (also referred to as a patrol craft, patrol ship or patrol vessel) is a relatively small naval vessel generally designed for coastal defence, border protection, immigration law-enforcement, search and rescue duties. There have been many designs for patrol boats. They may be operated by a nation's navy, coast guard, police force or customs and may be intended for marine ("blue water") or estuarine ("green water") or river ("brown water") environments. They are commonly found engaged in various border protection roles, including anti-smuggling, anti-piracy, fisheries patrols, and immigration law enforcement. They are also often called upon to participate in rescue operations.

Classification

They may be broadly classified as inshore patrol vessels (IPVs) and offshore patrol vessels (OPVs). They are warships typically smaller in size than a corvette and can include fast attack craft, torpedo boats and missile boats, although some are as large as a frigate. The offshore patrol vessels are usually the smallest ship in a navy's fleet that is large and seaworthy enough to patrol off-shore in the open ocean. Smaller inshore patrol vessels also known as coastal patrol craft or coastal patrol boats. Riverine patrol craft are used for patrol river area. In larger militaries, such as in the United States military, offshore patrol vessels usually serve in the coast guard, but many smaller nation's navies operate these type of ships.

History

PCE-872, a World War II patrol craft escort of the U.S. Navy

During both World Wars in order to rapidly build up numbers, all sides created auxiliary patrol boats by arming motorboats and seagoing fishing trawlers with machine guns and obsolescent naval weapons. Some modern patrol vessels are still based on fishing and leisure boats. Seagoing patrol boats are typically around 30 m (100 ft) in length and usually carry a single medium caliber artillery gun as main armament, and a variety of lighter secondary armament such as machine guns or a close-in weapon system. Depending on role, vessels in this class may also have more sophisticated sensors and fire control systems that would enable them to carry torpedoes, anti-ship and surface-to-air missiles.

Most modern designs are powered by gas turbine arrangements such as CODAG, and speeds are generally in the 25–30 knots (46–56 km/h; 29–35 mph) range. They are primarily used for patrol in a country's exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Common tasks are fisheries inspection, anti-smuggling (usually anti-narcotics) duties, illegal immigration patrols, anti-piracy patrols and search and rescue (law enforcement-type of work). The largest OPVs might also have a flight deck and helicopter embarked. In times of crisis or war, these vessels are expected to support the larger vessels in the navy.

Their small size and relatively low cost make them one of the most common type of warship in the world. Almost all navies operate at least a few offshore patrol vessels, especially those with only "green water" capabilities. They are useful in smaller seas such as the North Sea as well as in open oceans. Similar vessels for exclusively military duties include torpedo boats and missile boats. The United States Navy operated the Pegasus class of armed hydrofoils for years, in a patrol boat role. The River Patrol Boat (PBR, sometimes called "Riverine" and "Pibber") is a U.S. design of small patrol boat type designed to patrol waters of large rivers.

Specific nations

Albania

Iliria, an example of a modern Patrol boat of the Albanian Naval Force

Albanian Naval Force

  • Iliria

Argentina

Argentine Naval Prefecture's GC67 patrol vessel

Argentine Naval Prefecture

  • Mantilla-class patrol vessel
  • Z-28-class patrol vessel

Australia

Royal Australian Navy

  • Attack-class patrol boat (1967–1985)
  • Fremantle-class patrol boat (1979–2007)
  • Armidale-class patrol boat (2005–present)
  • Arafura-class offshore patrol vessel – expected to enter service in 2021
HMAS Armidale of the Royal Australian Navy

Australian Border Force Marine Unit

  • Bay-class patrol boat (1999–present)
  • Australian Customs Vessel Triton (2000–2016)
  • Cape-class patrol boat – Bay-class replacement from 2013 (2013–present)

Others

  • Pacific-class patrol boat – Australian-built, gifted by the Australian Government to 12 Pacific Island countries (1987–present)

Bahamas

Royal Bahamas Defence Force

  • Bahamas-class patrol vessel

Others

  • Protector-class patrol boat

Bangladesh

The Bangladesh Navy classified its medium size patrol ships as large patrol craft (LPC) which are armed with either anti-ship missiles or torpedos. Those ships typically have heavier armaments but less range than OPVs.[1][2]

BNS Nirmul, AShM armed Durjoy-class LPC of the Bangladesh Navy

Bangladesh Navy

Large patrol craft
  • Durjoy-class
  • BNS Madhumati
Offshore patrol vessel
  • Island-class
Inshore patrol vessel
  • Padma-class
  • Meghna-class
ASW patrol boat
  • Kraljevica-class
  • Haizhui-class
  • Hainan-class
Patrol gunboat
  • Chamsuri-class

Bangladesh Coast Guard

Leader Class OPVs of Bangladesh Coast Guard
Offshore patrol vessel
  • Leader-class
Inshore patrol vessel
  • Padma-class
  • Sobuj Bangla-class
  • Ruposhi Bangla-class
  • Apurbo Bangla-class
Fast patrol vessel
  • Kutubdia-class
  • Porte Grande-class
Coastal patrol vessel
  • Tawfique-class (former PLAN Shanghai II-class)
Riverine patrol craft
  • Pabna-class

Border Guard Bangladesh

Patrol vessel
  • BGB Shah Jalal-class[3]

Belgium

  • P901 Castor (in Dutch) (2014–present)
  • P902 Pollux (in Dutch) (2015–present)

Brazil

  • Grajaú-class offshore patrol vessel
  • Bracuí-class patrol vessel – ex-River-class minesweeper
  • Imperial Marinheiro-class offshore patrol vessel
  • Piratini-class patrol vessel
  • J-class patrol vessel
  • Roraima-class river patrol vessel
  • Pedro Teixeira-class river patrol vessel
  • Macaé-class offshore patrol vessel
  • Amazonas-class corvette[4][5]

Brunei

  • Darussalam-class offshore patrol vessel
  • Ijtihad-class patrol vessel
  • KH 27-class patrol boat
  • FDB 512-class patrol boat
  • Bendaharu-class patrol vessel
  • Perwira-class patrol vessel
  • Saleha-class patrol vessel
  • Pahlawan-class patrol vessel

Bulgaria

  • Obzor

Canada

PTC Orca, an Orca-class patrol boat of the Royal Canadian Navy

Royal Canadian Navy

  • Orca-class patrol vessel

Canadian Coast Guard

  • Hero-class patrol vessel

Chile

  • Patrulleros de Zona Marítima FASSMER OPV-80 class – four of six units planned, built by ASMAR under the license of FASSMER Gmbh:
    • OPV-81 Piloto Pardo
    • OPV-82 Comandante Toro
    • OPV-83 Marinero Fuentealba – this unit has reinforced hull for Antarctic operations
    • OPV-84 Cabo Odger – with characteristics similar to the previous ship
  • 6 Micalvi-class patrol vessels – built in ASMAR
  • 18 Protector-class patrol crafts – built by ASMAR under the license of Fairey Brooke Marine
  • 4 Dabur-class patrol crafts – built in Israel

China (PRC)

People's Liberation Army Navy

  • Harbour security boat (PBI) – four newly built 80-ton class harbour security / patrol boats, and more are planned in order to take over the port security / patrol duties currently performed by the obsolete Shantou, Beihai, Huangpu, and Yulin-class gunboats, which are increasingly being converted to inshore surveying boats and range support boats
  • Shanghai III (Type 062I)-class gunboat – 2
  • Shanghai II-class gunboat
  • Shanghai I (Type 062)-class gunboat – 150+ active and at least 100 in reserve
  • Huludao (Type 206)-class gunboat – 8+
  • Shantou-class gunboat – less than 25 (in reserve, subordinated to naval militia)
  • Beihai-class gunboat – less than 30 (in reserve, subordinated to naval militia)
  • Huangpu-class gunboat – less than 15 (in reserve, subordinated to naval militia)
  • Yulin-class gunboat – less than 40 (being transferred to logistic duties)

China Coast Guard

  • Haixun-class cutter (Type 718)

Colombia

ARC Juan Ricardo Oyola Vera PAV-IV class patrol boat of the Colombian National Navy

Colombian Navy

  • Diligente-class patrol boat
  • Nodriza-class patrol boat
  • PAF-I-class patrol boat
  • PAF-II-class patrol boat
  • PAF-III-class patrol boat
  • PAF-IV-class patrol boat
  • Patrullera Fluvial Ligera-class patrol boat
  • Riohacha-class gunboat
  • Fassmer-80 class – built in Colombia by COTECMAR

Croatia

  • Šolta (OB-02)
  • Omiš (OB-31)[6]

Denmark

HDMS Støren (P555), a Flyvefisken-class patrol vessel with the Royal Danish Navy

Royal Danish Navy

  • Knud Rasmussen-class OPV – 2 vessels
  • Diana-class IPV – 6 vessels (in Danish)
  • Flyvefisken-class patrol vessel
  • Thetis class OPV – 4 ships (classed as ocean patrol frigates)
  • Agdlek-class IPV – 3 vessels
  • Barsø class IPV – 9 vessels (in Danish)
  • Hvidbjørnen class OPV (link in Danish) – 4 ships (classed as ocean patrol frigates)

Eritrea

Eritrean Navy

  • Eritrea-class 60m patrol vessel

Others

  • Protector-class patrol boat

Finland

Kurki (51), a Kiisla-class patrol boat with the Finnish Navy

Finnish Navy

Finnish Border Guard

  • VL Turva – an offshore patrol vessel built at STX Finland Rauma shipyard in 2014

France

Maritime Gendarmerie Vedette class patrol boat

French Navy

  • P400 class
  • Classe La Confiance (link in French)
  • Floréal class
  • Flamant class
  • Espadon 50 class (1991–2010)

Maritime Gendarmerie

  • Trident-class patrol boat
  • Géranium-class patrol boat
  • Jonquille-class patrol boat
  • Vedette-class patrol boat
  • Pétulante-class patrol craft
  • Pavois-class patrol craft

Germany

New Bundespolizei offshore patrol vessel BP 81 Potsdam
  • Potsdam class (2019–present)
  • Bad Bramstedt class (2002–present)
  • Helgoland class (2009–present)
  • PA class (1943–1945)
  • R boats (1929–1945)
  • Type 139 patrol trawler (1956 to mid-1970s)

Greece

Hellenic Navy HSY-56A Gunboat HS Aittitos, P-268

Hellenic Navy

  • Osprey 55-class gunboats and derivatives HSY-55 and HSY-56A[7][8]
  • Asheville-class gunboats[9]
  • Nasty-class Coastal Patrol Vessels – formerly torpedo boats
  • Esterel-class Coastal Patrol Vessels

Hellenic Coast Guard

  • Saar 4[10] – acting as Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPV)
  • Stan Patrol 5509 OPV
  • Vosper Europatrol 250 Mk1 OPV
  • Abeking & Rasmussen Patrol Vessels – class Dilos
  • POB-24G Patrol Vessels – class Faiakas
  • CB90-HCG
  • Lambro 57 and derivatives – all being boats for coastal patrols

Hong Kong (SARPRC)

Sea Panther (PL 3), a Sea Panther-class large command boat with the Hong Kong Police Marine Unit

Hong Kong Police Force

  • Sea Panther-class large command boat

Iceland

Icelandic Coast Guard

  • ICGV Týr
  • ICGV Óðinn
  • ICGV Þór
  • ICGV Ægir

India

The Indian Coast Guard's offshore patrol vessel ICGS Vishwast (OPV-30) at the port of Kobe, Japan.
Saryu-class patrol vessel of the Indian navy
  • Car Nicobar-class patrol vessel, Indian Navy
  • Saryu-class patrol vessel, Indian Navy
  • Bangaram-class patrol vessel, Indian Navy
  • Sukanya-class patrol vessel, Indian Navy
  • Samar-class offshore patrol vessel, Indian Coast Guard
  • Vishwast-class offshore patrol vessel, Indian Coast Guard
  • Sarojini Naidu-class patrol vessel, Indian Coast Guard
  • Tara Bai-class patrol vessel, Indian Coast Guard
  • Priyadarshini-class patrol vessel, Indian Coast Guard
  • Jija Bai-class patrol vessel, Indian Coast Guard
  • Vikram-class offshore patrol vessel, Indian Coast Guard
  • Aadesh-class patrol vessel, Indian Coast Guard

Indonesia

KN Tanjung Datu (110) of the Indonesian Maritime Security Agency
  • FPB 28, Indonesian Police and Indonesian Customs, 28 meter long patrol boat made by local shipyard PT PAL.
  • FPB 38, Indonesian Customs, 38 meter long aluminium patrol boat made by local shipyard PT PAL.
  • FPB 57, Indonesian Navy, 57 meter long patrol boat designed by Lurssen and made by PT PAL, ASM and heli deck equipped for some version.
  • PC-40, Indonesian Navy, 40 meter long FRP/Aluminum patrol boat, locally made by in house Navy's workshop.
  • PC-60 trimaran, Indonesian Navy, 63-meter-long composite material, is armed with 120 km range of anti-ship missile, made by PT Lundin industry
  • OPV 80 - 80 meter long marine steel, is armed with 57 mm main gun, designed by Terafulk and made by PT Citra Shipyard
  • OPV 110 - 110 meter long marine steel grade A, is armed with 57 mm main gun, made by PT Palindo Marine Shipyard

Ireland

Irish Naval Service Large Patrol Vessel (LPV) LÉ Niamh

Irish Naval Service

List of INS vessels;[11]

Israel

Slovenian Navy HPL-21, an example of the Israeli-made Super Dvora Mk II-class patrol boat also in service with the Israeli Navy
  • Dabur class patrol boats
  • Dvora class fast patrol boat
  • Super Dvora Mk II
  • Super Dvora Mk III
  • Shaldag class fast patrol boats
    • Shaldag Mk II
  • Nachshol class patrol boats (Stingray Interceptor-2000)

Italy

Italian Navy Comandanti-class Cigala Fulgosi
Italian Coast Guard patrol boat U. Diciotti, CP-902

Japan

Shikishima (Japan Coast Guard), the largest patrol boat in the world
Japan Coast Guard "Hida" (PL51)
  • Shikishima (Japan Coast Guard), the largest patrol boat.
  • Mizuho-class (Japan Coast Guard),Large patrol Vessel with helicopter deck and hangar.
  • Tsugaru-class (Japan Coast Guard),Large patrol Vessel with helicopter deck and hangar.
  • Hida class (Japan Coast Guard), high-speed Large patrol Vessel with helicopter deck.
  • Kunigami class (Kunisaki class)
  • Iwami class
  • Hateruma class
  • Aso class (Japan Coast Guard), high-speed Large patrol Vessel.
  • Amami class (Japan Coast Guard), medium-sized patrol Vessel
  • Hayabusa-class (JMSDF,Japanese Navy), Corvette class patrol vessel by JMSDF(Navy) Fleet.
  • "Sōya",(Japan Coast Guard), icebreaker

Latvia

  • Skrunda class, world's first SWATH patrol boat (Latvian Naval Forces)

Malaysia

  • Kedah class offshore patrol vessel, (Royal Malaysian Navy)
  • Keris-class littoral mission ship,(Royal Malaysian Navy)
  • Gagah Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Ramunia Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Nusa Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Sipadan Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Rhu Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Pengawal Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Peninjau Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Pelindung Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Semilang Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Penggalang Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Penyelamat Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Pengaman Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Kilat Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Malawali Class Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Langkawi Class Patrol Ship,Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency

Malta

Protector class patrol boat P52 of the Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta.
  • Protector class offshore patrol vessel (Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta) – 2002–present
  • Diciotti class offshore patrol vessel (Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta) – 2005–present
  • P21 class inshore patrol vessel (Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta) – 2010–present
  • Emer class offshore patrol vessel (Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta) – 2015–present

Mexico

ARM Oaxaca, lead boat of the Oaxaca-class.
Durango-class offshore patrol vessels in formation.

Mexican Navy

  • Coastal patrol boat
    • Azteca-class
    • Tenochtitlan-class
  • Offshore patrol vessel
    • Durango-class
    • Holzinger-class
    • Oaxaca-class
    • Uribe-class

Montenegro

Kotor class frigate of the Montenegrin Navy
  • Kotor class frigate

Morocco

Netherlands

New Zealand

Norway

Royal Norwegian Navy

Norwegian Coast Guard

NoCGV Tor (W334 KYSTVAKT) from Nornen Class of the Norwegian Coast Guard

Peru

  • Río Zarumilla class, Peruvian Coast Guard
  • Rio Cañete class, Peruvian Coast Guard

Philippines

Philippine Navy

Del Pilar-class offshore patrol vessel , Philippine Navy
Jacinto-class patrol vessel , Philippine Navy
  • Alberto Navarette class
  • Jose Andrada class
  • Rizal class patrol vessel
  • Malvar class patrol vessel
  • Jacinto class patrol vessel
  • Gregorio del Pilar-class offshore patrol vessel

Philippine Coast Guard

Gabriela Silang-class offshore patrol vessel, Philippine Coast Guard
San Juan-class patrol vessel, Philippine Coast Guard
  • Gabriela Silang-class Offshore Patrol Vessel
  • San Juan-class patrol vessel
  • Parola-class patrol vessel
  • Ilocos Norte-class patrol boat
Ilocos Norte-class patrol boat, Philippine Coast Guard
Parola-class patrol vessel, Philippine Coast Guard

Portugal

NRP Viana do Castelo, offshore patrol vessel of the Portuguese Navy

Portuguese Navy

National Republican Guard

  • Ribamar class

Qatar

Qatari Emiri Navy

  • Musherib class

Romania

Russia

Russian Coast Guard Rubin class patrol boat Zhemchug on the Almaz Shipbuilding Company
  • Stenka class patrol boat (Project 02059), Russian Navy and Russian Coast Guard
  • Bogomol Class patrol boat (Project 02065), Russian Navy
  • Mirage class patrol vessel (Project 14310), Russian Coast Guard
  • Svetlyak class patrol boat (Project 10410), Russian Coast Guard
  • Ogonek class patrol boat (Project 12130), Russian Coast Guard
  • Mangust class patrol boat (Project 12150, Russian Coast Guard
  • Sobol class patrol boat (Project 12200), Russian Coast Guard
  • Terrier class patrol boat (Project 14170), Russian Navy and Russian Coast Guard
  • Rubin class patrol boat (Project 22460), Russian Coast Guard
  • Okean class patrol vessel (Project 22100), Russian Coast Guard
  • Vosh class river patrol craft (Project 12481), Russian Coast Guard
  • Piyavka class river patrol craft (Project 1249), Russian Coast Guard
  • Ogonek class river patrol craft (Project 12130), Russian Coast Guard

Senegal

Fouladou, OPV 190 from Senegalese navy
  • Fouladou (OPV 190), Senegalese Navy
  • Kedougou (OPV 45), Senegalese Navy
  • Ferlo (RPB 33), Senegalese Navy
  • Conejera (Class Conejera P 31), Senegalese Navy
  • Fouta (Osprey 55), Senegalese Navy
  • Njambuur (PR 72), Senegalese Navy

Singapore

Police Coast Guard third generation PT Class Flower Ray(PT65),conducting a sea-rescue demonstration
  • Fearless-class patrol vessel, Republic of Singapore Navy
  • PK class Interceptor Craft, Police Coast Guard
  • 1st Generation PT class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard (decommissioned)
  • 2nd Generation PT class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard (decommissioned)
  • 3rd Generation PT class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard
  • 4th Generation PT class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard
  • PC class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard
  • Swift-class coastal patrol craft
  • Independence-class littoral mission vessel, Republic of Singapore Navy

Slovenia

  • Slovenian patrol boat Triglav

South Africa

An Israeli Sa'ar 4-class missile boat, called the Warrior-class strike craft in the South African Navy
  • Warrior class (modified Saar 4 Open Sea Patrol Vessels)
  • Namacurra class

South Korea (ROK)

Spain

Meteoro (P-41)
  • Meteoro class
  • Descubierta class
  • Serviola class
  • Anaga class
  • Barceló class
  • Toralla class
  • Conejera class
  • Chilreu class
  • P111 class patrol boat
  • Cabo Fradera class

Sri Lanka

Suriname

  • Ocea Type FPB 98 class fast patrol boat
  • Ocea Type FPB 72 class fast patrol boat

Sweden

HSwMS Stockholm (PC-11), a Stockholm-class corvette with the Royal Swedish Navy
  • Hugin-class (based on the Norwegian Storm-class, decommissioned) – 16 ships
  • Kaparen-class (Hugin-class modified with better subhunting capacity, decommissioned) – 8 ships
  • Stockholm-class (commissioned as corvettes, later converted to patrol boats) – 2 ships
  • HMS Carlskrona (commissioned as minelayer, later converted to ocean patrol vessel)

Additionally, the Royal Swedish Navy also operates smaller types of patrol boats (Swedish: bevakningsbåt = "guard boat"):

  • Typ 60-class (decommissioned) – 17 ships
  • Tapper class – 12 ships

The Swedish Coast Guard operate an additional 22 patrol vessels for maritime surveillance.

Thailand

  • Pattani class (Royal Thai Navy)
  • River class (Royal Thai Navy)
  • T.991 class (Royal Thai Navy)
  • krabi class (Royal Thai Navy)

Turkey

Turkish TCG Karabiga (P-1205), one of the Tuzla-class patrol boats

Turkish Naval Forces

Coast Guard Command

  • KAAN 15 class
  • KAAN 19 class
  • KAAN 29 class
  • KAAN 33 class
  • SAR 33 class
  • SAR 35 class
  • 80 class

United Kingdom

Two River class offshore patrol vessels of the Royal Navy

United States

United States Navy

USS Firebolt (PC-10), a United States Navy Cyclone-class patrol ship
  • Cyclone-class patrol ship - (1993–present)
  • Mark VI patrol boat
    - US Navy (2016-present)

United States Coast Guard

  • Cyclone-class patrol ship - (2000-2011) - four boats were transferred to the Coast Guard for a temporary loan, three (2004-2011) have since been returned, while the fourth (2000-2004) was donated to the Philippine Navy
  • Marine Protector-class patrol boat – (1998-present)
  • Island-class patrol boat – (1985-present)
  • Sentinel-class cutter – (2012-present)

Venezuela

Naiguatá during sea trials
  • Venezuelan patrol boat Naiguatá (GC-23)

Vietnam

  • Type TT-120 patrol boat, Vietnam Coast Guard
  • Type TT-200 patrol boat, Vietnam Coast Guard
  • Type TT-400 patrol boat, Vietnam Coast Guard
  • DN 2000(Damen 9014 class) offshore patrol vessels, Vietnam Coast Guard

References

  1. ^ "BANGLADESH AND ASIA'S MARITIME BALANCE". Center for International Maritime Security. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  2. ^ "Tender specifications for construction of 02 X Large Patrol Craft (LPC) in local shipyard for BN" (PDF). Directorate General of Defence Purchase. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  3. ^ "BDR-Shahjalal – Patrol Vessel – Details and current position IMO 8106472 MMSI 0 | Vessels | VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  4. ^ "Brazil getting armored vehicles, boats". Space War. Space Media Network. UPI. 10 August 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2017. The first-of-class Amazonas was constructed at BAE Systems' Portsmouth facility.
  5. ^ "Offshore Patrol Vessels". BAE Systems. n.d. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. We are supplying three Ocean Patrol Vessels and ancillary support services to the Brazilian Navy, as well as a manufacturing licence to enable further vessels of the same class to be constructed in Brazil. P120 Amazonas, P121 Apa and P122 Araguari
  6. ^ OOB-31 “Omiš” predan u ruke OS RH (in Croatian)
  7. ^ "Gunboats Class Osprey 55". Hellenic Navy. 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-05-30. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
  8. ^ "Gunboats Class Osprey HSY-55". Hellenic Navy. 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-05-30. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
  9. ^ "Gunboats Class Asheville". Hellenic Navy. 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-05-30. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
  10. ^ E.A. Pagotsis (2009). G. Christogiannakis (ed.). Hellenic Defence Report 2009-2010 (Yearbook of the magazine Hellenic Defence & Security). Athens: Line Defence Publications Ltd. p. 81.
  11. ^ "Naval Service - Defence Forces". www.military.ie.
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