Paramilitary

Legion of Frontiersmen, Edmonton Command, 1915 -- a nationalist paramilitary group not officially affiliated with the Canadian Army

Generaloberst von Falkenhorst with the sisters of the Lotta Svärd, a Finnish voluntary auxiliary paramilitary organisation for women, in the summer of 1941 during the Continuation War

Paramilitary forces usually tend to wear similar but different uniforms to the military, for instance gray "urban camouflage".

Oregon Sheriff's Department SWAT team in full tactical gear, 2009

A paramilitary organization (also listed as quasi military) is a semi-militarized force whose organizational structure, tactics, training, subculture, and (often) function are similar to those of a professional military, but is not formally part of a country's armed forces.^[1]

Legality

Under the law of war, a state may incorporate a paramilitary organization or armed agency (such as a national police or a private volunteer militia) into its combatant armed forces. The other parties to a conflict have to be notified thereof.^[2]

Military compared to paramilitary

Though a paramilitary is not a military force, it is usually equivalent to a military's light infantry force in terms of intensity, firepower, and organizational structure. A paramilitary may also commonly fall under the command of a military, even despite not being part of the military or play an assisting role for the military in times of war. Paramilitary forces can also include private military company missions.

Types

Depending on the definition adopted, "paramilitaries" may include:

Irregular military

Irregular military forces: militias, freedom fighters, guerrillas, insurgents, terrorists, etc.

Auxiliary forces

The auxiliary forces of a state's military: national guard, presidential guard, republican guard, state defense force, civil air patrol, home guard, royal guard, and imperial guard.
Some police forces or auxiliary police: Indonesia's Mobile Brigade Corps (Brimob), Detachment 88, India's Assam Rifles, Central Reserve Police Force, Border Security Force, Hong Kong Police Force, etc.

Political

Armed, semi-militarized wings of existing political parties:
- those of the Weimar Republic; which was very common during this period, when every political party in strife-torn Germany had their own; examples include:
  - the Nazi Party's Sturmabteilung.
  - the Monarchist German National People's Party's Der Stahlhelm.
  - the Communist Party of Germany's Parteiselbstschutz.
- Sinn Féin's Irish Republican Army.
- Hamas's Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades.
- the African National Congress's Umkhonto we Sizwe.

Law enforcement

Semi-militarized law enforcement personnel within normal police forces, such as SWAT teams in the United States and various police tactical units in other countries.
Gendarmeries, such as Egyptian Central Security Forces and Russia's National Guard.
Border guards, such as Russia's Border Guard Service, Australian Border Force, India's Border Security Force, Bangladesh's Border Guards Bangladesh and Turkey's Village guards.
The United States' Federal Protective Forces and NASA's Emergency Response Teams.
Security forces of ambiguous military status: internal troops, railroad guards, or railway troops.

Government agencies

CIA Special Activities Center.
DEA Special Response Team.

Home guards

Volunteer Defence Corps, such as Volunteer Defence Corps in Thailand, Volunteer Defence Corps in Australia, Shanghai Volunteer Corps, and Royal Hong Kong Regiment.

Civil defence

The fire departments of many countries and locales, although unarmed, are often organized in a manner similar to military or police forces.
The Belgian Civiele Bescherming and Singapore Civil Defence Force.
The Australian State Emergency Service.

Examples of paramilitary units

List of paramilitary organizations
List of defunct paramilitary organizations

References

^ "paramilitary". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. June 2011 [online edition; original published in June 2005]. Retrieved 2011-09-13. Designating, of, or relating to a force or unit whose function and organization are analogous or ancillary to those of a professional military force, but which is not D regarded as having professional or legitimate status.
^ "Customary IHL - Section B. Incorporation of paramilitary or armed law enforcement agencies into armed forces". Icrc.org. Retrieved 2013-07-27.

External links

Global Security

[Reference-OED-paramilitary-1] "paramilitary". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. June 2011 [online edition; original published in June 2005]. Retrieved 2011-09-13. Designating, of, or relating to a force or unit whose function and organization are analogous or ancillary to those of a professional military force, but which is not D regarded as having professional or legitimate status.

[2] "Customary IHL - Section B. Incorporation of paramilitary or armed law enforcement agencies into armed forces". Icrc.org. Retrieved 2013-07-27.

[1]

[2]