1999 Malaysian general election

1999 Malaysian general election
	29 November 1999
	29 November 1999
All 193 seats to the Dewan Rakyat; 97 seats needed for a majority
Registered	9,564,071
Turnout	6,631,094 (69.3%)
Prime Minister before election; Mahathir Mohamad; BN	Prime Minister-designate ; Mahathir Mohamad; BN

A general election was held on Monday, 29 November 1999 for members of the 10th Parliament of Malaysia. Voting took place in all 193 parliamentary constituencies of Malaysia, each electing one Member of Parliament to the Dewan Rakyat, the dominant house of Parliament. State elections also took place in 394 state constituencies in 11 out of 13 states of Malaysia (except Sabah and Sarawak) on the same day. This was the last election for Mahathir Mohamad as Prime Minister and Chairman of Barisan Nasional, until 2018. This was also the first election held in a single day nationwide.

Results

Dewan Rakyat

6,631,094 out of 9,564,071 registered voters cast their vote in this election. Although Barisan Nasional maintained its majority in Parliament, its overall popular vote dropped to roughly 56%. The parliamentary results are as follows:

**Summary of the 29 November 1999 Malaysian *Dewan Rakyat* election results**
Party				Vote		Seats
Party				Votes	%	Won	%	+/–
	National Front^[a]		BN	3,748,511	56.53	148	76.68	14
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO			72	37.31	17
		Malaysian Chinese Association	MCA			29	15.03	1
		United Traditional Bumiputera Party	PBB	100,062		11	5.70	1
		Malaysian Indian Congress	MIC			7	3.63
		Sarawak United People's Party	SUPP	129,356		7	3.63
		Malaysian People's Movement Party	Gerakan			6	3.11	1
		Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak	PBDS	51,659		6	3.11	1
		Sarawak National Party	SNAP	45,519		4	2.07	1
		United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation	UPKO			3	1.55	New
		Sabah Progressive Party	SAPP			2	1.04
		Liberal Democratic Party	LDP			1	0.52
		Barisan Nasional Direct Candidate		11,327	0.18	1	0.52
		People's Progressive Party	PPP			0	0.00
		People's Justice Front	AKAR			0	0.00
		United Sabah People's Party	PBRS			0	0.00
	Parties in the informal coalition, Alternative Front		BA	2,667,818	40.23	42	21.76	26
	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party^[b]		PAS	994,279	14.99	27	13.99	20
	Democratic Action Party^[b]		DAP	830,870	12.53	10	5.18	1
	National Justice Party^[b]		KeADILan	773,679	11.67	5	2.59	New
	United Sabah Party		PBS	143,342	2.16	3	1.55	5
	Malaysian People's Party^[b]		PRM	68,990	1.04	0	0.00
	State Reform Party		STAR	23,354	0.35	0	0.00	New
	Malaysian Democratic Party		MDP	8,001	0.12	0	0.00	New
	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front		BERJASA	409	0.01	0	0.00	New
	Malaysian People's Justice Front		AKIM	274	0.00	0	0.00
	Independents		IND	39,385	0.59	0	0.00
Valid votes				6,455,714
Invalid/blank votes				175,380
Total votes (voter turnout: 69.3%)				6,631,094	100.00	193	100.00	+1
Did not vote				2,932,977
Registered voters				9,564,071
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)				13,411,519
Malaysian population				22,549,627
Source: Nohlen et al. [1]

^ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Parties in the informal coalition, Alternatif Front (Barisan Alternatif). Contested using separate election symbol on the ballot papers.

Results by state

Summary of the 29 November 1999 Malaysian Dewan Rakyat election results by state

**Summary of the 29 November 1999 Malaysian *Dewan Rakyat* election results in Perlis**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%	+/–
	National Front^[a]		BN	3	46,212	56.17	3	100.00	0
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	3	46,212	56.17	3	100.00	0
	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party		PAS	2	26,191	31.84	0	0.00	0
	National Justice Party		KeADILan	1	9,867	11.99	0	0.00	New
Valid votes					82,270
Invalid/blank votes					2,114
Total votes (voter turnout: %)					84,384	100.00	3	100.00	0
Did not vote
Registered voters
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Perlis's population
Source:

^ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

**Summary of the 29 November 1999 Malaysian *Dewan Rakyat* election results in Kedah**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%	+/–
	National Front^[a]		BN	15	315,807	55.77	7	46.67	-8
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	13	260,565	46.01	5	33.33	-8
		Malaysian Chinese Association	MCA	2	55,242	9.75	2	13.33	0
	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party		PAS	10	171,867	30.35	8	53.33	+8
	National Justice Party		KeADILan	4	65,371	11.54	0	0.00	New
	Democratic Action Party		DAP	1	13,258	2.34	0	0.00	0
Valid votes					566,303
Invalid/blank votes					19,152
Total votes (voter turnout: %)					585,455	100.00	15	100.00	0
Did not vote
Registered voters
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Kedah's population
Source:

^ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

**Summary of the 29 November 1999 Malaysian *Dewan Rakyat* election results in Kelantan**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%	+/–
	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party		PAS	11	228,325	47.48	10	71.43	+4
	National Front^[a]		BN	14	187,094	38.91	1	7.14	-1
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	14	187,094	38.91	1	7.14	-1
	National Justice Party		KeADILan	3	64,763	13.47	3	21.43	New
	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front		BERJASA	1	409	0.09	0	0.00	New
	Malaysian People's Justice Front		AKIM	1	274	0.06	0	0.00	0
Valid votes					480,865
Invalid/blank votes					11,634
Total votes (voter turnout: %)					492,499	100.00	14	100.00	0
Did not vote
Registered voters
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Kelantan's population
Source:

^ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

**Summary of the 29 November 1999 Malaysian *Dewan Rakyat* election results in Terengganu**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%	+/–
	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party		PAS	7	161,052	52.01	7	87.50	+6
	National Front^[a]		BN	8	127,700	41.24	0	0.00	-7
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	8	127,700	41.24	0	0.00	-7
	National Justice Party		KeADILan	1	20,715	6.69	1	12.50	New
	Independents		IND	1	175	0.06	0	0.00	0
Valid votes					309,642
Invalid/blank votes					6,398
Total votes (voter turnout: 81.23%)					316,040	100.00	8	100.00	0
Did not vote					73,042
Registered voters					389,082
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Terengganu's population
Source:

^ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

**Summary of the 29 November 1999 Malaysian *Dewan Rakyat* election results in Penang**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%	+/–
	National Front^[a]		BN	11	247,870	51.36	6	54.55	-2
		Malaysian Chinese Association	MCA	3	84,698	17.55	1	9.09	-1
		Malaysian People's Movement Party	Gerakan	4	83,607	17.32	2	18.18	0
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	4	79,565	16.49	3	27.27	-1
	Democratic Action Party		DAP	7	169,973	35.22	4	36.36	+1
	National Justice Party		KeADILan	3	54,987	11.39	1	9.09	New
	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party		PAS	1	8,810	1.83	0	0.00	0
	Independents		IND	1	942	0.20	0	0.00	0
Valid votes					482,582
Invalid/blank votes					12,355
Total votes (voter turnout: 76.68%)					494,937	100.00	11	100.00	0
Did not vote					150,514
Registered voters					645,451
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Penang's population
Source:

^ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

**Summary of the 29 November 1999 Malaysian *Dewan Rakyat* election results in Perak**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%	+/–
	National Front^[a]		BN	23			20	86.96	-3
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO				9	39.13	-2
		Malaysian Chinese Association	MCA				6	26.09	-1
		Malaysian People's Movement Party	Gerakan				3	13.04	0
		Malaysian Indian Congress	MIC				2	8.70	0
	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party		PAS				2	8.70	+2
	Democratic Action Party		DAP				1	4.35	+1
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	23	100.00	0
Did not vote
Registered voters
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Perak's population
Source:

^ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

**Summary of the 29 November 1999 Malaysian *Dewan Rakyat* election results in Pahang**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%	+/–
	National Front^[a]		BN	11			11	100.00	0
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	8			8	72.73	0
		Malaysian Chinese Association	MCA	3			3	27.27	0
	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party		PAS				0	0.00	0
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	11	100.00	0
Did not vote
Registered voters
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Pahang's population
Source:

^ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

**Summary of the 29 November 1999 Malaysian *Dewan Rakyat* election results in Selangor**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%	+/–
	National Front^[a]		BN	17			17	100.00	0
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	8			8	47.06	0
		Malaysian Chinese Association	MCA	6			6	35.29	0
		Malaysian Indian Congress	MIC	3			3	17.65	0
	Democratic Action Party		DAP				0	0.00	0
	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party		PAS				0	0.00	0
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	17	100.00	0
Did not vote
Registered voters
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Selangor's population
Source:

^ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

**Summary of the 29 November 1999 Malaysian *Dewan Rakyat* election results in Negeri Sembilan**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%	+/–
	National Front^[a]		BN	7			7	100.00	0
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	4			4	57.14	0
		Malaysian Chinese Association	MCA	2			2	28.57	0
		Malaysian Indian Congress	MIC	1			1	14.29	0
	Democratic Action Party		DAP				0	0.00	0
	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party		PAS				0	0.00	0
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	7	100.00	0
Did not vote
Registered voters
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Negeri Sembilan's population
Source:

^ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

**Summary of the 29 November 1999 Malaysian *Dewan Rakyat* election results in Malacca**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%	+/–
	National Front^[a]		BN	5			4	80.00	0
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	3			3	60.00	0
		Malaysian Chinese Association	MCA	2			1	20.00	0
	Democratic Action Party		DAP				1	20.00	0
	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party		PAS				0	0.00	0
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	5	100.00	0
Did not vote
Registered voters
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Malacca's population
Source:

^ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

**Summary of the 29 November 1999 Malaysian *Dewan Rakyat* election results in Johor**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%	+/–
	National Front^[a]		BN	20			20	100.00	0
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	13			13	65.00	0
		Malaysian Chinese Association	MCA	6			6	30.00	0
		Malaysian Indian Congress	MIC	1			1	5.00	0
	Democratic Action Party		DAP				0	0.00	0
	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party		PAS				0	0.00	0
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	20	100.00	0
Did not vote
Registered voters
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Johor's population
Source:

^ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

**Summary of the 29 November 1999 Malaysian *Dewan Rakyat* election results in Sabah**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%	+/–
	National Front^[a]		BN	20			17	85.00	+5
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO				14	70.00	+5
		Sabah Progressive Party	SAPP				2	10.00	0
		Liberal Democratic Party	LDP				1	5.00	0
	United Sabah Party		PBS				3	15.00	-5
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	20	100.00	0
Did not vote
Registered voters
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Sabah's population
Source:

^ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

**Summary of the 29 November 1999 Malaysian *Dewan Rakyat* election results in Sarawak**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%	+/–
	National Front^[a]		BN	28	338,013	65.95	28	100.00	+2
		Sarawak United People's Party	SUPP	7	129,356	25.24	7	25.00	0
		United Traditional Bumiputera Party	PBB	10	100,062	19.52	10	35.71	+1
		Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak	PBDS	6	51,749	10.10	6	21.43	0
		Sarawak National Party	SNAP	4	45,519	8.88	4	14.29	0
		Barisan Nasional Direct Candidate		1	11,327	2.21	1	3.57
	Democratic Action Party^[b]		DAP	7	75,992	14.81	0	0.00	New
	National Justice Party^[b]		KeADILan	13	49,774	9.71	0	0.00	New
	State Reform Party		STAR	4	23,048	4.50	0	0.00	New
	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party^[b]		PAS	1	2,438	0.48	0	0.00	0
	Independents		IND	12	23,332	4.55	0	0.00	0
Valid votes					512,527
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	28	100.00	+1
Did not vote
Registered voters
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Sarawak's population
Source:

^ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.
^ ^a ^b ^c Parties in the informal coalition, Alternatif Front (Barisan Alternatif). Contested using separate election symbol on the ballot papers.

State Assemblies

The opposition won a total of 113 state assembly seats, 98 of which went to the PAS, 11 to the DAP and 4 for Keadilan.^[2] In the states of Kelantan and Terengganu, the PAS won by a huge margin–41-2 against Barisan Nasional out of a total of 43 seats and 28-4 out of a total of 32 seats respectively, hence allowing them to form the state governments in these states. In addition, PAS also captured one-third of the state seats in Kedah, with the remaining two-thirds going to Barisan Nasional (UMNO won 16 seats, MCA 2 seats in Kedah).

The election results were seen as a great gain for PAS, who previously had no state seats in Kedah and capturing only one seat in Terengganu in the 1995 General Elections. Observers attributed this to the neglect by the Federal Administration in the states of Terengganu and Kelantan due to admistration by different parties.^[3]

References

Chin, James (2000). "A New Balance: The Chinese Vote in the 1999 Malaysian General Election". South East Asia Research. 8 (3): 281–299. doi:10.5367/000000000101297299.
"Malaysia unlikely to go fundamentalist: Lee Kuan Yew". (Dec. 13, 1999). Agence France Presse.

^ The previous election was contested under separate parties, mainly PAS and DAP
^ "PILIHAN RAYA UMUM 1999 - DEWAN UNDANGAN NEGERI". Archived from the original on 2017-10-09. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
^ Swee-Hock Saw, K. Kesavapany (2006). Malaysia recent trends and challenges. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 97–8. ISBN 981-230-339-1.

External links

South Asia Analysis Group synopsis of the 1999 election results.
Trends in Malaysia: Election Assessment (PDF) a 62 pages collection of papers from Institute of Southeast Asian Studies after the 1999 election.

[BN-2] Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

[Barisan_Alternatif-3] Parties in the informal coalition, Alternatif Front (Barisan Alternatif). Contested using separate election symbol on the ballot papers.

[BN-4] Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

[BN-5] Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

[BN-6] Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

[BN-7] Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

[BN-8] Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

[BN-9] Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

[BN-10] Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

[BN-11] Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

[BN-12] Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

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