Leibowitz is a Jewish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Barry Leibowitz (born 1945), American-Israeli basketball player
- Henoch Leibowitz (c.1918–2008), head of the Rabbinical Seminary of America
- Jacob Leibowitz or Jakub Lejbowicz, possible birth name of Jacob Frank (1726–1791), leader of a Jewish messianic movement
- Jon Leibowitz (born 1958), former United States Federal Trade Commission chairman
- Jonathan Stuart Leibowitz, better known as Jon Stewart (born 1962), American political satirist, formerly of The Daily Show
- Martin L. Leibowitz, financial researcher and business leader
- Nechama Leibowitz (1905–1997), sometimes Nehama Leibowitz, Israeli Bible scholar
- René Leibowitz (1913–1972), a French composer of Polish-Latvian origin
- Ronnie Leibowitz (born 1953), Israeli bank robber, also known as "Ofnobank"
- Samuel Leibowitz (1893–1978), New York trial lawyer
- Yeshayahu Leibowitz (1903–1994), Israeli thinker and scientist
Fictional characters
- Isaac Edward Leibowitz, a fictional character in the novel A Canticle for Leibowitz
- Aaron Leibowitz a.k.a Algernop Krieger from the fx show "Archer".