John Maurice Hauke

John Maurice von Hauke Jan Maurycy Hauke (Polish)
Birth name	Johann Moritz Hauke
Born	26 October 1775 Seifersdorf, Saxony
Died	29 November 1830 (aged 55) Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire
Allegiance	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Duchy of Warsaw Congress Poland
Service/branch	Army
Rank	General
Commands held	Deputy Minister of War
Battles/wars	Napoleonic wars Kościuszko Uprising November Uprising
Awards	Legion of Honour Virtuti Militari Order of Saint Stanislaus Order of Saint Anna Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky Order of the White Eagle
Relations	Friedrich Karl Emanuel Hauke (father) Julia Hauke (daughter)

Count John Maurice von Hauke (German: Johann Moritz Hauke, Polish: Jan Maurycy Hauke; 26 October 1775 in Seifersdorf, near Dresden, Saxony – 29 November 1830 in Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire) was a professional soldier.

Life

Of German origin and the son of Friedrich Karl Emanuel Hauke (1737–1810), a German professor at the Warsaw Lyceum (an exclusive Prussian school in Warsaw), Count Moritz Hauke served between 1790 and 1793 in the army of Poland during the country's last years of independence. He was involved in the Kościuszko Uprising, fought in the Polish Legions in France and later in the army of the Duchy of Warsaw in Austria, Italy, Germany and the Peninsular War. After 1815 he joined the army of Congress Poland, reaching the rank of full general in 1826 and receiving a title of Polish nobility. Recognizing his abilities, Tsar Nicholas I appointed him Deputy Minister of War of Congress Poland and elevated him in 1829 to Count.

The obelisque in Warsaw on its first site before the Saxon Palace

In the uprising of 1830 led by revolutionary army cadets, the target was Grand Duke Constantine, Poland's Governor-General. Count Moritz Hauke was on his way to the Grand Duke who managed to escape, but Hauke was shot to death by the cadets on the street of Warsaw before the eyes of his wife, Sophie Lafontaine (daughter of Franz Leopold Lafontaine), and his three younger children. He was riding on a horse beside the carriage of his wife and having met a group of rebels who shouted: "Be our leader, General!" Hauke reprimanded them and told them to go back to their quarters, whereupon they opened fire and killed him. His wife died shortly afterward, and their younger children were made wards of the Tsar, while three elder sons joined the uprising and one of them, Maurice Leopold, fell during the battle of Ostrołęka in 1831 only 27 years old. After his victory over the Poles, the Tsar raised in 1841 an enormous obelisque in Warsaw, which was dedicated to the memory of Hauke and five other Polish generals who "preserved their fidelity to their Monarch". Detested by the inhabitants of the Polish capital, the obelisque was pulled down in 1917.

On 28 October 1851, his youngest daughter, Countess Julia von Haucke, then lady-in-waiting to the Russian Empress, married Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine (Hesse-Darmstadt), brother of the Empress. Elevated in 1851 by Alexander's brother, Grand Duke Ludwig III of Hesse-Darmstadt, to Countess of Battenberg and in December 1858 to Princess of Battenberg, she became an ancestress of the House of Mountbatten, the British Royal House of Windsor, and the current Spanish King. His older daughter, Catarina, became the mistress of Paul Friedrich, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg.

Orders and decorations

• Legion of Honour, 1807
• Virtuti Militari (Knight's Cross, 3rd class, very rarely awarded)
• Order of Saint Stanislaus, 1st class, 1814
• Order of St. Anna, 1st class, 1815
• Order of St. Anna, 1st class with diamonds, 1818
• Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, 1820
• Order of the White Eagle, 1829

Ancestry

See also

• Hauke-Bosak family

Sources

• Polski Słownik Biograficzny (Polish Dictionary of Biography), vol. 2, Cracow 1938