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In classical architecture, a colonnade is a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building.[1] Paired or multiple pairs of columns are normally employed in a colonnade which can be straight or curved. The space enclosed may be covered or open. In St. Peter's Square in Rome, Bernini's great colonnade encloses a vast open elliptical space.
When in front of a building, screening the door (Latin porta), it is called a portico, when enclosing an open court, a peristyle. A portico may be more than one rank of columns deep, as at the Pantheon in Rome or the stoae of Ancient Greece.
When the intercolumniation is alternately wide and narrow, a colonnade may be termed "araeosystyle" (Gr. αραιος, "widely spaced", and συστυλος, "with columns set close together"), as in the case of the western porch of St Paul's Cathedral and the east front of the Louvre.[2]
History
Colonnades have been built since ancient times and interpretations of the classical model have continued through to modern times, and Neoclassical styles remained popular for centuries.[3] At the British Museum, for example, porticos are continued along the front as a colonnade. The porch of columns that surrounds the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. (in style a peripteral classical temple) can be termed a colonnade.[4] As well as the traditional use in buildings and monuments, colonnades are used in sports stadiums such as the Harvard Stadium in Boston, where the entire horseshoe-shaped stadium is topped by a colonnade. The longest colonnade in the United States, with 36 Corinthian columns, is the New York State Education Building in Albany, New York.[5]
Notable colonnades
The ancient world
The colonnade of Amenhotep III at the Luxor temple
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The Stoa of Attalos in the reconstructed Ancient Agora of Athens
The Great Colonnade at Palmyra, Syria
Baalbeck, Lebanon
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The Renaissance and Baroque periods
Palace of Charles V, Granada (1527)
Bernini's colonnade St. Peter's Square, Vatican City (1660s)
Detail of St. Peter's Square colonnade
Colonnade of the Louvre, Paris (1670)
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Neoclassical
The church of La Madeleine, Paris (consecrated 1842)
Vaulted colonnade in the General Post Office, Sydney (1890s)
Main entrance to the Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge (nineteenth century)
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Modern interpretations
Palácio da Alvorada, by Oscar Niemeyer, in Brasília, Brazil (1958)
Lebus Court, Bridges Hall of Music, Pomona College, by Myron Hunt in Claremont, California, United States (1915)
Balch Hall, Scripps College by Sumner Hunt and Gordon Kaufmann in Claremont, California, United States (1929)
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See also
References
- ^ Colonnade from Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Araeosystyle". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 312. - ^ Doremus, Thomas (1999). Classical Styles in Modern Architecture: From the Colonnade to Disjunctured Space. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. ISBN 0442016662.
- ^ Student Resource Glossary
- ^ New York State Department of Education Building. Emporis. Retrieved on 2009-5-23.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the