Cognate (Latin: cognatus, "related by birth") may mean:
- cognate (kinship), person who shares a common ancestor
- cognates, words that have a common etymological origin
- false cognates, words that appear to be cognates, but are not
- cognate object, a verb's object that is etymologically related to the verb
- cognate linkage, a kinematic linkage that generates the same coupler curve as another linkage of a different geometry
- cognate receptor and cognate ligand, in biochemistry, a cell surface receptor molecule and the molecule it binds. The term "cognate" is also used for the relationship between an amino acid and their corresponding tRNA, to which they bind.
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