| Cenchrus | |
|---|---|
) | |
| Cenchrus longispinus[4] | |
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| Cenchrus echinatus burr | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Panicoideae |
| Supertribe: | Panicodae |
| Tribe: | Paniceae |
| Subtribe: | Cenchrinae |
| Genus: | Cenchrus L.[1] |
| Type species | |
| Cenchrus echinatus[2][3] L. | |
| Synonyms[1][5] | |
| |
)
Sand spur in front of a centimeter scale
Cenchrus is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family.[3][6] Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.[7][8]
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur. Such names allude to the sharp, spine-covered burrs characterizing the inflorescences of the members of the genus.[9]
Some botanists include the genus within the related genus Pennisetum.
- Cenchrus abyssinicus (Hack.) Morrone - Ethiopia, Tanzania, Yemen, Limpopo, Mpumalanga
- Cenchrus agrimonioides Trin. – kāmanomano - Hawaiian Islands
- Cenchrus arnhemicus (F.Muell.) Morrone - Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
- Cenchrus biflorus Roxb. – kram-kram - Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, Madagascar
- Cenchrus brevisetosus (B.K.Simon) B.K.Simon - Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)
- Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. - North + South America, West Indies
- Cenchrus caliculatus Cav. - Australia, New Zealand, assorted islands in Pacific + Indian Oceans
- Cenchrus ciliaris L. – buffelgrass - Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, Sicily; naturalized as a nutritious arid land pasture in parts of North and South America, Australia,[13] Southeast Asia, various islands; considered noxious weed in some places
- Cenchrus distichophyllus - Cuba
- Cenchrus echinatus L. – common sandbur - North + South America, West Indies; naturalized in parts of Africa, southern Asia, various islands
- Cenchrus elegans Veldkamp - Malesia
- Cenchrus elymoides - Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)
- Cenchrus gracillimus Nash - West Indies, southeastern USA
- Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fern. – mat sandbur - Canada, USA, Mexico
- Cenchrus mitis Andersson - Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Mozambique
- Cenchrus multiflorus J.Presl - Mexico, Central America
- Cenchrus myosuroides Kunth - North + South America, West Indies
- Cenchrus palmeri Vasey - Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, Arizona
- Cenchrus pennisetiformis Steud. - Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent
- Cenchrus pilosus Kunth - from central Mexico to northern Chile
- Cenchrus platyacanthus Andersson - Galápagos
- Cenchrus prieurii - Sahara, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar
- Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone – Africa, Oman
- Cenchrus robustus - Queensland, New South Wales
- Cenchrus setaceus – tender fountain grass, crimson fountaingrass – northern Africa, southwestern Asia; naturalized in Australia, New Zealand, scattered places in Europe and the Americas
- Cenchrus setiger Vahl - Sahara, East Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar, Andaman & Nicobar
- Cenchrus somalensis - Somalia
- Cenchrus spinifex Cav. – coastal sandbur - North + South America, West Indies
- Cenchrus tribuloides L. – sanddune sandbur - North + South America, West Indies
- Formerly included[5]
several species now considered better suited to other genera: Anthephora Centotheca Dactyloctenium Echinaria Echinolaena Hackelochloa Hilaria Pennisetum Phragmites Scleria Setaria Trachys Tragus Tribolium
See also
References
- ^ a b "Genus: Cenchrus L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1999-03-09. Archived from the original on 2011-06-05. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
- ^ lectotype designated by Green, Prop. Brit. Bot.: 193 (1929)
- ^ a b Tropicos, Cenchrus L.
- ^ Line drawing of Cenchrus longispinus from the USDA PLANTS Database. Source: http://plants.usda.gov/java/largeImage?imageID=ceca6_001_avd.tif Original source: USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada. Vol. 1: 167.
- ^ a b c "Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families".
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 1049-1050 in Latin
- ^ Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 552 蒺藜草属 ji li cao shu Cenchrus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1049. 1753.
- ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Cenchrus includes photos and range maps for several species
- ^ "What is a Sandspur anyway?". shelkey.org. 2008-10-20. Archived from the original on 2009-08-16. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
- ^ "Cenchrus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
- ^ "GRIN Species Records of Cenchrus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2009-05-08. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
- ^ The Plant List search for Cenchrus
- ^ Henry DR Pasture plants of Southern Inland Queensland. DPI. 1995
- Culbert, D. (2003-10-19). "Sticky Sandspur". UF/IFAS Okeechobee County Extension Service.
External links
- Clayton, W.D.; Vorontsova, M.S.; Harman, K.T.; Williamson, H. "Cenchrus". GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.