| Cebidae [2][3] Temporal range: Late Oligocene[1] to present | |
|---|---|
) | |
| White-headed capuchin (Cebus capucinus) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Haplorhini |
| Infraorder: | Simiiformes |
| Parvorder: | Platyrrhini |
| Family: | Cebidae Bonaparte, 1831 |
| Type genus | |
| Cebus Erxleben, 1777 | |
| Genera | |
The Cebidae are one of the five families of New World monkeys now recognised. Extant members are the capuchin and squirrel monkeys.[3] These species are found throughout tropical and subtropical South and Central America.
Characteristics
Cebid monkeys are arboreal animals that only rarely travel on the ground. They are generally small monkeys, ranging in size up to that of the brown capuchin, with a body length of 33 to 56 cm, and a weight of 2.5 to 3.9 kilograms. They are somewhat variable in form and coloration, but all have the wide, flat, noses typical of New World monkeys.
They are omnivorous, mostly eating fruit and insects, although the proportions of these foods vary greatly between species. They have the dental formula:2.1.3.2-32.1.3.2-3
Females give birth to one or two young after a gestation period of between 130 and 170 days, depending on species. They are social animals, living in groups of between five and forty individuals, with the smaller species typically forming larger groups. They are generally diurnal in habit.[4]
Classification
Previously, New World monkeys were divided between Callitrichidae and this family. For a few recent years, marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins were placed as a subfamily (Callitrichinae) in Cebidae, while moving other genera from Cebidae into the families Aotidae, Pitheciidae and Atelidae.[2] The most recent classification of New World monkeys again splits the callitrichids off, leaving only the capuchins and squirrel monkeys in this family.[3]
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- Family Cebidae
- Subfamily Cebinae (all capuchin monkeys)
- Genus Cebus (gracile capuchin monkeys)
- Kaapori capuchin (C. kaapori)
- Wedge-capped capuchin (C. olivaceus)
- White-headed capuchin (C. capucinus)
- White-fronted capuchin (C. albifrons)
- Genus Sapajus (robust capuchin monkeys)
- Black-striped capuchin (S. libidinosus)
- Black capuchin (S. nigritus)
- Blond capuchin (S. flavius)
- Golden-bellied capuchin (S. xanthosternos)
- Tufted capuchin (S. apella)
- Genus Cebus (gracile capuchin monkeys)
- Subfamily Saimiriinae (all squirrel monkeys)
- Genus Saimiri (squirrel monkeys)
- Bare-eared squirrel monkey (S. ustus)
- Black squirrel monkey (S. vanzolinii)
- Black-capped squirrel monkey (S. boliviensis)
- Central American squirrel monkey (S. oerstedi)
- Common squirrel monkey (S. sciureus)
- Genus Saimiri (squirrel monkeys)
Extinct taxa
- Genus Panamacebus
- Panamacebus transitus
- Genus Chilecebus
- Chilecebus carrascoensis
- Subfamily Cebinae
- Genus Acrecebus
- Acrecebus fraileyi
- Genus Dolichocebus
- Dolichocebus gaimanensis
- Genus Acrecebus
- Subfamily Saimiriinae
- Genus Saimiri
- Saimiri fieldsi
- Saimiri annectens
- Genus Saimiri
References
- ^ Takai, M; et al. (February 2000). "New fossil materials of the earliest new world monkey, Branisella bolivians, and the problem of platyrrhine origins". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 111 (2): 263–81. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(200002)111:2<263::AID-AJPA10>3.0.CO;2-6. PMID 10640951.
- ^ a b Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 129–139. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ a b c Rylands AB, Mittermeier RA (2009). "The Diversity of the New World Primates (Platyrrhini)". In Garber PA, Estrada A, Bicca-Marques JC, Heymann EW, Strier KB (eds.). South American Primates: Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-78704-6.
- ^ Janson, C.H.; Rylands, A.B. (1984). Macdonald, D. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 342–361. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.