Captive markets are markets where the potential consumers face a severely limited number of competitive suppliers; their only choices are to purchase what is available or to make no purchase at all. Captive markets result in higher prices and less diversity for consumers. The term therefore applies to any market where there is a monopoly or oligopoly.
Examples of captive-market environments include the food markets in cinemas, airports, and sports arenas, college textbooks, US cable companies, the Kosher food market in the United Kingdom, printer refills, and phone calls and food in jails and prisons. Academic publishers, such as Elsevier, operate captive markets.[1] Professional team sports have often been described as an example of captive markets,[2] with strict self-policing rules amongst supporters making it virtually impossible for fans to switch allegiances,[3] and unwritten conduct rules dictating that official club merchandise should normally be worn to games by a majority of fans,[4] allowing the teams themselves to raise prices as high as they feel like knowing that their supporters have little choice but to keep buying.
See also
- Captive audience
References
- ^ http://www.utimes.pitt.edu/?p=19679
- ^ Rick Duniec (January 2011). "Football Governance: Written evidence submitted by Rick Duniec (FG 72)". House of Commons. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
- ^ Rupert Hawksley (26 February 2014). "Why aren't football fans allowed to swap teams?". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved November 15, 2014.
- ^ Bill Simmons (February 27, 2002). "Rules for being a true fan". ESPN. Retrieved November 15, 2014.