| Years in Canada: | 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 |
| Centuries: | 18th century · 19th century · 20th century |
| Decades: | 1820s 1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s |
| Years: | 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 |
Events from the year 1854 in Canada.
Incumbents
- Monarch — Victoria
Federal government
Governors
- Governor General of the Province of Canada — James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin, Edmund Walker Head
- Colonial Governor of Newfoundland — Charles Henry Darling
- Governor of New Brunswick — Edmund Walker Head, John Manners-Sutton
- Governor of Nova Scotia — John Gaspard Le Marchant
- Governor of Prince Edward Island — Dominick Daly
Premiers
- Joint Premiers of the Province of Canada —
- Francis Hincks, Canada West Premier
- Augustin-Norbert Morin, Canada East Premier
- Premier of New Brunswick — Charles Fisher
- Premier of Nova Scotia — James Boyle Uniacke
- Premier of Prince Edward Island — John Holl
Events
- January 27 – The Great Western Railway opens, linking Toronto, Hamilton and Windsor.
- June 6 – The Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty is signed
- October 27 – A Great Western Railway passenger train collides with the tail end of gravel train at Baptiste Creek, Canada West. At least 52 people are killed.
- Establishment of the African Baptist Association of Nova Scotia.
- St. Joseph's Academy for Young Ladies, later to be known as St. Joseph's College School, was founded by the Sisters of St. Joseph of Toronto.
- Sale of the Clergy Reserves in Canada West marking the end of any form of established religion in Canada.
Births
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Robert Borden
- April 13 – William Henry Drummond, poet (died 1907)
- May 21 – Edward Gawler Prior, mining engineer, politician and Premier of British Columbia (died 1920)
- June 8 – Douglas Colin Cameron, politician and Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba (died 1921)
- June 26 – Robert Borden, lawyer, politician and 8th Prime Minister of Canada (died 1937)
- August 29 – Arthur Peters, politician and Premier of Prince Edward Island (died 1908)
- September 1 – James Alexander Lougheed, businessman and politician (died 1925)
Deaths
- January 20 – Denis-Benjamin Papineau, joint premier of the Province of Canada (born 1789)
- September 19 – Sir George Arthur, 1st Baronet, army officer and colonial administrator (born 1784)