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The Washington Post
The September 22, 2005 front page of The Washington Post
Type	Daily newspaper
Format	Broadsheet
Owner	Washington Post Company
Editor	Leonard Downie, Jr.
Founded	1877
Headquarters	1150 15th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20071  United States
Circulation	699,130 Daily[1] 929,921 Sunday[2]
Website: washingtonpost.com

The Washington Post is the largest newspaper in Washington, D.C.. It is also one of the city's oldest papers, having been founded in 1877.

Perhaps the most notable incident in the Post's history was when, in the early 1970s, reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein began the media's investigation of Watergate. This played a major role in the undoing of the Nixon presidency.

General overview

The Post is generally regarded among the leading daily American newspapers, along with The New York Times, which is known for its general reporting and international coverage, and The Wall Street Journal, which is known for its financial reporting. The Washington Post is owned by the Washington Post Company. The Post has distinguished itself through its reporting on the workings of the White House, Congress, and other aspects of the U.S. government.

Unlike the Times and the Journal, however, it does not currently print a daily national edition for distribution away from the East Coast. However, a "National Weekly Edition", combining stories from a week of Post editions, is published. The majority of its newsprint readership is in the District of Columbia, as well as its suburbs in Maryland and Northern Virginia.

As of April 2007, its average weekday circulation was 699,130 and its Sunday circulation was 929,921, according to the Audit Bureau of Circulations, making it the seventh largest newspaper in the country by circulation, behind USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, the New York Post and the New York Daily News.^[2] While its circulation, like that of almost all newspapers, has been slipping, it has one of the highest market-penetration rates of any metropolitan news daily.

History

The paper was founded in 1877 by Stilson Hutchins and in 1880 added a Sunday edition, thus becoming the city's first newspaper to publish seven days a week. In 1889, Hutchins sold the paper to Frank Hatton, a former Postmaster General, and Beriah Wilkins, a former Democratic congressman from Ohio. To promote the paper, the new owners requested the leader of the Marine Band, John Philip Sousa, to compose a march for the newspaper's essay contest awards ceremony. Sousa composed The Washington Post, which remains one of his best-known works and is credited to have brought the newspaper to worldwide fame.

In 1899, during the Spanish-American War, the Post printed Clifford K. Berryman's classic illustration Remember the Maine.

Wilkins acquired Hatton's share of the paper in 1894 at Hatton's death. After Wilkins' death in 1903, his sons John and Robert ran the Post for two years before selling it in 1905 to Washington McLean and his son John Roll McLean, owners of the Cincinnati Enquirer. When John died in 1916, he put the paper in trust, having little faith that his playboy son Edward "Ned" McLean could manage his inheritance. Ned went to court and broke the trust, but, under his management, the paper slumped toward ruin. It was purchased in a bankruptcy auction in 1933 by a member of the Federal Reserve's board of governors, Eugene Meyer, who restored the paper's health and reputation. In 1946, Meyer was succeeded as publisher by his son-in-law Philip Graham.

In 1954, the Post consolidated its position by acquiring its last morning rival, the Washington Times-Herald, leaving as its remaining competitors two afternoon papers, the Washington Star (Evening Star) (until that paper's demise in 1981) and The Washington Daily News, which was bought and merged into the Star in 1972. More recently, The Washington Times, established in 1982, has been a local rival with a circulation (in 2005) about one-seventh that of the Post^[3].

After Graham's death, in 1963, control of the Washington Post Company passed to Katharine Graham, his wife and Meyer's daughter. No woman before had ever run a nationally prominent newspaper in the United States. She described her own anxiety and lack of confidence based on her gender in her autobiography, and she did not assign duties to her daughter at the paper as she did to her son. She served as publisher from 1969 to 1979 and headed the Washington Post Company into the early 1990s as chairman of the board and CEO. After 1993, she retained a position as chairman of the executive committee until her death in 2001.

Her tenure is credited with seeing the Post rise in national stature through effective investigative reporting, most notably to assure The New York Times did not surpass its Washington reporting of the Pentagon Papers and Watergate scandal. Executive editor Ben Bradlee, put the paper's reputation and resources behind reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, who, in a long series of articles, chipped away at the story behind the 1972 burglary of Democratic National Committee offices in the Watergate Hotel complex in Washington. The Post's dogged coverage of the story, the outcome of which ultimately played a major role in the resignation of President Richard Nixon, won the paper a Pulitzer Prize in 1973.

Also in 1972, the "Book World" section was introduced.^[4]

In 1980, the Post published a dramatic story called 'Jimmy's World', describing the life of an eight-year-old heroin addict in Washington, for which reporter Janet Cooke won acclaim and a Pulitzer Prize. Subsequent investigation, however, revealed the story to be a fabrication. The Pulitzer Prize was returned.

Donald Graham, Katherine's son, succeeded her as publisher in 1979 and in the early 1990s became chief executive officer and chairman of the board, as well. He was succeeded in 2000 as publisher and CEO by Boisfeuillet Jones, Jr., with Graham remaining as chairman.

Like The New York Times, the Post was slow in moving to color photographs and features. On January 28, 1999 its first color front-page photograph appeared. After that, color slowly integrated itself into other photographs and advertising throughout the paper.

The newspaper established a web site in 1996, [1]

As of 2006 the Post had been honored with 22 Pulitzer Prizes, 18 Nieman Fellowships, and 368 White House News Photographers Association awards, among others.

The paper is part of The Washington Post Company, which owns a number of other media and non-media companies, including Newsweek magazine, the online magazine Slate, and the education company Kaplan.

The paper runs its own syndication service for its columnists and cartoonists, The Washington Post Writers Group.

The Post has its main office at 1150 15th St, N.W., and the newspaper has the exclusive zip code 20071.

Political leanings

Beginning with Nixon^[5], conservatives often cite the Post, along with The New York Times, as exemplars of "liberal media bias." As late publisher Katherine Graham noted in her memoirs Personal History, the paper long had a policy of not making endorsements for presidential candidates. In 2004, however, the Post endorsed John Kerry^[6]. It also has endorsed Republican politicians, such as Maryland Governor Robert Ehrlich^[7]. In 2006 it repeated its historic endorsements of every Republican incumbent for Congress in Northern Virginia^[8]. There have also been times when the Post has specifically chosen not to endorse any candidate, such as in 1988 when it refused to endorse then Governor Michael Dukakis or then Vice President George Bush^[9].

It has regularly published a political mixture of op-ed columnists, some of them center-left (including E.J. Dionne and Richard Cohen) and a few center-right (including George Will and Charles Krauthammer)

In "Buying the War" on PBS, Bill Moyers noted 27 editorials supporting the President's ambitions to invade Iraq. National security correspondent Walter Pincus reported that he had been ordered to cease his reports that were critical of Republican administrations^[10].

Its editorial positions have taken both liberal and conservative stances: it has steadfastly supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq, warmed to President George W. Bush's proposal to partially privatize Social Security, opposed a deadline for U.S. withdrawal from the Iraq War, and advocated free trade agreements, including, among others, CAFTA.

In 1992 the PBS investigative news program Frontline suggested that the Post had moved to the right in response to its smaller, more conservative rival the Washington Times. The program quoted Paul Weyrich, one of the founders of the conservative activist organization the Moral Majority, as saying "The Washington Post became very arrogant and they just decided that they would determine what was news and what wasn't news and they wouldn't cover a lot of things that went on. And the Washington Times has forced the Post to cover a lot of things that they wouldn't cover if the Times wasn't in existence."^[11]

On March 26, 2007, Chris Matthews said on his television program, "Well, The Washington Post is not the liberal newspaper it was, Congressman, let me tell you. I have been reading it for years and it is a neocon newspaper"^[12].

The conservative leadership of Donald Graham and editorial page editor Fred Hiatt has been seen as a catalyst of these changes.

Ombudsmen

In 1970 the Post became one of the first newspapers in the United States to establish a position of "ombudsman," or readers' representative, assigned to address reader complaints about Post news coverage and to monitor the newspaper's adherence to its own standards. Ever since, the ombudsman's commentary has been a frequent feature of the Post editorial page.

Notable contributors

Executive Officers and Editors (past and present)

References

External links

• Official website
• Corporate website
• Timeline of the history of The Washington Post
• Scott Sherman, Columbia Journalism Review, May 2002, "Donald Graham's Washington Post"
• Video Interview with Baghdad Bureau Chief Rajiv Chandrasekaran

•  • [ e] The Washington Post Company

Corporate Staff: Donald E. Graham (COB & CEO) Alan Frank Patrick Butler Diana M. Daniels Ann L. McDaniel Christopher Ma John B. Morse, Jr. Gerald M. Rosberg Daniel J. Lynch Wallace R. Cooney Pinkie Dent Mayfield John F. Hockenberry Warren E. Buffett Christopher C. Davis Barry Diller John L. Dotson, Jr. Melinda French Gates George J. Gillespie, III Ronald L. Olson Alice M. Rivlin Richard D. Simmons George W. Wilson Jonathan Grayer Veronica Dillon Thomas O. Might Caroline Little News Publications: Commercial Printing Comprint Military Publications El Tiempo Latino Everett Daily Herald Express Greater Washington Publishing Mid-Atlantic Retirement Living Maryland Gazette Southern Maryland Newspapers Washington NewHomes Guide Washington Post Washington Resource Guide Washington Spaces Magazines: BudgetTravel Newsweek Newsweek International Slate Interactive Assets: WPNI Educational Assets: Kaplan, Inc. Cable Television Assets: CableOne Broadcast Television Assets: KSAT KPRC WDIV WJXT WKMG WPLG Annual Revenue: $3.3 billion USD Employees: 14,800 Stock Symbol: NYSE: WPO Website: www.washpostco.com

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