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Wapping
Wapping (Greater London)
OS grid reference	TQ345805
London borough	Tower Hamlets
Ceremonial county	Greater London
Region	London
Constituent country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	LONDON
Postcode district	E1
Police	Metropolitan
Fire	London
Ambulance	London
London Assembly	City and East
European Parliament	London
List of places: UK • England UK • London

Coordinates: Wapping (pronounced 'Wopping') is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is situated on the north bank of the River Thames between The City to the west and Shadwell to the east and north, and it faces Bermondsey and Rotherhithe on the south bank, separated from them by that section of the Thames known as the Lower Pool. It is also part of the Docklands area of London. Wapping lies between the River Thames and the ancient thoroughfare simply called The Highway.

History

Origins

The area was first settled by Saxons, from whom it takes its name (meaning literally "[the place of] Wæppa's people").^[1] It developed along the embankment of the Thames, hemmed in by the river to the south and the now-drained Wapping Marsh to the north. This gave it a peculiarly narrow and constricted shape, consisting of little more than the axis of Wapping High Street and some north-south side streets. John Stow, the 16th century historian, described it as a "continual street, or a filthy strait passage, with alleys of small tenements or cottages, built, inhabited by sailors' victuallers".^[2]



Wapping's proximity to the river gave it a strong maritime character for centuries, well into the 20th century. It was inhabited by sailors, mastmakers, boat-builders, blockmakers, instrument-makers, victuallers and representatives of all the other trades that supported the seafarer. Wapping was also the site of 'Execution Dock', where pirates and other water-borne criminals faced execution by hanging from a gibbet constructed close to the low water mark. Their bodies would be left dangling until they had been submerged three times by the tide.^[2]

The Bell Inn, by execution dock was run by Samuel Batts. His daughter, Elizabeth, married James Cook in 1762 at Barking, after the Royal Navy captain had stayed at the Inn^[3]. The couple initially settled in Shadwell, attending St Paul's church, but later moved to Mile End. Although they had six children together, much of their married life was spent with Cook absent on his voyages, and after his murder in 1779 at Kealakekua Bay, she survived until 1835.

Dockland area

Said to be England's first, the Marine Police Force, were formed by magistrate Patrick Colquhoun and a Master Mariner, John Harriott, in 1798 to tackle theft and looting from ships anchored in the Pool of London and the lower reaches of the river. Its base was (and remains) in Wapping High Street, it is now known as the Marine Support Unit.^[4]

In 1811, the horrific Ratcliff Highway murders took place nearby, at The Highway and Wapping Lane.^[5]

The area's strong maritime associations changed radically in the 19th century when the London Docks were built to the north and west of the High Street. Wapping's population plummeted by nearly 60% during the century, with many houses destroyed by the construction of the docks and giant warehouses along the riverfront. Squeezed between the high walls of the docks and warehouses, the district became isolated from the rest of London, although some relief was provided by Brunel's Thames Tunnel to Rotherhithe. The opening of Wapping tube station on the East London Line in 1869 provided a direct rail link to the rest of London.

Modern times

Wapping was devastated by German bombing in World War II^[6] and by the post-war closure of the docks. It remained a run-down and derelict area into the 1980s, when the area was transferred to the management of the London Docklands Development Corporation, a government quango with the task of redeveloping the Docklands. The London Docks were largely filled in and redeveloped with a variety of commercial, light industrial and residential properties.

In 1986, Rupert Murdoch's News International built a new £80m printing and publishing works in the north of Wapping. This became the scene of violent protests after News International's UK operation moved from Fleet Street to Wapping, with over 5,000 print workers being sacked when new technology was introduced. The plant was nicknamed "Fortress Wapping" when the sacked print workers effectively besieged it, mounting round-the-clock pickets and blockades in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to thwart the move. In 2005, News International announced the intention to move the print works to places like Liverpool and Glasgow. The editorial staff will remain, however, and there is talk of redeveloping the sizeable plot that makes up the printing works^[7]

Wapping places

Perhaps Wapping's greatest attraction is the Thames foreshore itself, and the venerable public houses that face onto it. A number of the old 'stairs', such as Wapping Old Stairs and Pelican Stairs (by the Prospect of Whitby) give public access to a littoral zone (for the Thames is tidal at this point) littered with flotsam, jetsam and fragments of old dock installations. Understandably it is popular with amateur archaeologists and treasure hunters - it is surprisingly easy for even a casual visitor to pick up a centuries-old shard of pottery here.

Three venerable public houses offer much-needed refreshment after these expeditions, all conveniently located by stairs. By Pelican Stairs is the Prospect of Whitby, which makes the much-disputed claim to be the oldest Thames-side pub still in existence. Be that as it may, there has been an inn on the site since the reign of Henry VIII, and this is certainly one of the most famous pubs in London. The inn is named after a then-famous ship that docked regularly at Wapping. A replica of the old Execution Dock gibbet is maintained on the foreshore next to the pub, presumably as a warning to rowdy drinkers. (A tourist-pleaser, actually — the real Execution Dock was, in fact, by the site of the Town of Ramsgate at Wapping Old Stairs — see below.)



Less well-known, but nonetheless popular, is the Town of Ramsgate, again on the site of a 16th-century inn, located next to Wapping Old Stairs to the west of the Prospect.

Situated half way between the two is the Captain Kidd, named after the Scottish privateer William Kidd. He was hanged on the Wapping foreshore in 1701 after being found guilty of murder and piracy. The public house occupies a 17th century building, but it was only established in the 1980s.

Literary and cultural references

• W.W. Jacobs author of The Monkey's Paw was born in Wapping.
• James McNeill Whistler , American, Painter lived in Wapping.Well known for his Thames views including Wappinghttp://www.glyphs.com/art/whistler/.Which he painted between 1860-1864.This painting was exhibited at the Tate Britain in 2005http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/exhibitions/turnerwhistlermonet/default.shtmThe painting is permanently displayed at the National Gallery of Art Washington.
• John Keats poet wrote an unpublished poem in June 1877 entitled "Pensive they sit, and roll their languid eyes" in which he mentions Wapping in the final line.
• Wapping was the setting for the popular BBC sitcom Till Death Us Do Part. The series creator and writer, Johnny Speight, named Alf Garnett, the central character, after Garnet Street in Wapping.
• Wapping was the scene for the Ruby In The Smoke, in the Sally Lockhart series of books by Phillip Pullman, played out.
• Notable fictional residents also include Bernard Cornwell's Major Richard Sharpe from the Sharpe book and TV series.
• Wapping was also the setting for the brothel in The Threepenny Opera, which Mac the Knife was betrayed by Ginny Jenny.
• During the 90's Wapping was home to American entertainer Cher.
• In the 2002 Stuntman (video game), the first movie is called "Toothless in Wapping", a 'Mockney crime caper'.

References

Education

For details of education in Wapping see the List of schools in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets

Transport

Nearby areas

• Bermondsey
• Whitechapel
• Rotherhithe
• Shadwell
• Stepney
• Bethnal Green
• Ratcliffe

Nearby tube station

• Wapping tube station

See also

• London Docks
• Shadwell Basin
• Tobacco Dock
• Wapping Hydraulic Power Station

•  • [ e] London Borough of Tower Hamlets

Districts: Bethnal Green • Blackwall • Bow • Bromley-by-Bow • Cambridge Heath • Cubitt Town • Globe Town • Isle of Dogs • Limehouse • Mile End • Millwall • Old Ford • Poplar • Ratcliff • Shadwell • Spitalfields • Stepney • Wapping • Whitechapel Attractions Tower of London • St Katharine Docks • Christ Church, Spitalfields • Museum of Childhood • Museum in Docklands Parks and open spaces in Tower Hamlets Street markets Petticoat Lane • Brick Lane Market • Columbia Road market • Old Spitalfields market • Roman Road market Constituencies Bethnal Green & Bow • Poplar & Canning Town

•  • [ e] Main districts of the London boroughs • List of places in London

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East London Line Edge Hill railway station Execution Dock London Autonomists London Buses route 100 Park Lane railway goods station Prospect of Whitby (London pub) Public Enemy Number Two Ratcliff Highway murders Shadwell Basin

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