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Victory ship |
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) Victory ship SS Red Oak Victory, now a museum ship VC2 design) Victory cargo ships are lined up at a U.S. west coast shipyard They were an enhancement of the previous Liberty ship design that were produced in much greater numbers, in particular they had a higher speed of 15 to 17 knots (28 to 31 km/h) compared to 11 knots (20 km/h) and longer range. The higher speed was particularly important because it made them less easy prey to U-boats, and was achieved by using improved engines over the Liberty's triple expansion reciprocating steam engine — Lenz type reciprocating steam engines, steam turbines or diesel engines with a power output between 6000 and 8500 horsepower (4.5 and 6 MW). It also had electrically powered auxiliary equipment rather than steam powered. They were oil fired, although some Canadian vessels were completed with both bunkers and oil tanks so that they could use coal or oil. They were also strengthened hulls compared to Liberty ships since a few of the latter had suffered fractured hulls. To improve the hull flexibility (to reduce stresses), the frames were 36 inches (914 mm) apart as opposed to 30 inches (762 mm). Victory ships were slightly larger than Liberty ships, at 455 feet (139 m) long and 62 feet (19 m) wide with 25 feet (7.6 m) draft. With a fine raked bow and a 'cruiser' stern, to help achieve the higher speed, they had a quite different appearance to Liberty ships. The VC2-S-AP2,VC2-S-AP3, and VC2-M-AP4 were armed with a 5 inch (127 mm) stern gun for use against submarines, a bow-mounted 3 inch (76 mm) anti-aircraft gun and eight 20 mm cannon, also for use against aircraft. These weapons were manned by United States Naval Armed Guard personnel, members of the United States Navy. The VC2-S-AP5 Haskell-class attack transports were armed with the 5 inch (127 mm) stern gun, one quad 40mm Bofors cannon, four dual 40mm Bofors cannon, and ten single 20mm cannon. The Haskells were operated and crewed exclusively by US Navy personnel. ConstructionThe first vessel was SS United Victory launched at Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation on 12 January 1944 and completed on 28 February 1944, and had her maiden voyage a month later. American vessels frequently had a name incorporting the word "Victory". The British and Canadians used Fort and Park respectively. After United Victory, the next 34 vessels were named after allied countries, the following 218 after American cities, the next 150 after educational institutions and the remainder given miscellaneous names. The AP5 type attack transports were named after US Counties, without "Victory" in their name, with the exception of USS Marvin H. McIntyre (APA-129), which was named after President Roosevelt's late personal secretary.Although initial deliveries were slow — only 15 had been delivered by May 1944, by the end of the war 531 had been constructed. The Commission cancelled orders for a further 132 vessels, although 3 were completed in 1946 for the Alcoa Steamship Company, making a total built in the United States of 534, made up of: ) War Shipping Administration photo showing early 1944 Victory ship construction with a May, 1945 war tonnage production chart
Of the wartime construction, 414 of these were of the standard cargo variant and 117 were attack transports. Because the Atlantic battle had been won by the time that the first ships appeared, only two were sunk by U-boats. These were Fort Bellingham and Fort St. Nicholas. Three more were sunk by Japanese Kamikaze attack in April 1945, Logan Victory, Hobbs Victory and Canada Victory. Many saw postwar conversion and various uses for years afterward. Starting in 1959, several were removed from the reserve fleet and refitted for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. One such ship was the SS Kingsport Victory, which was renamed USNS Kingsport and converted into the world's first satellite communications ship. Another was the former Haiti Victory, which recovered the first man-made object to return from space, the nose cone of Discoverer 13, on 11 August 1960. In the 1960s two Victory ships were reactivated and converted to technical research ships by the U.S. Navy with the hull type AGTR. SS Iran Victory became the USS Belmont (AGTR-4) and SS Simmons Victory became the USS Liberty (AGTR-5). The Liberty was attacked and severely damaged by Israeli forces in June 1967 and subsequently decommissioned and stricken from the Naval Register. The Belmont was decommissioned and stricken in 1970. ShipyardsThe Victory ship were constructed in six west coast and Baltimore emergency shipyards that sprang up in World War II to build Liberty, Victory, and other ships. In addition to the American construction, some ships were also built in British and Canadian yards.
Status of remaining Victory shipsSeveral are now museum ships: A few are laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet.
At Beaumont Reserve Fleet:
See alsoExternal linksSee Liberty Ships and Victory Ships, America's Lifeline in War for a lesson on Liberty ships and Victory ships from the National Park Service's Teaching with Historic Places.References
1. ^ WWII Construction Records - Private-Sector Shipyards that Built Ships for the U.S. Maritime Commission. Retrieved on 2006-11-03.
2. ^ Victory Ships built by the United States Maritime Commission during World War II - Listed by Shipyard. Retrieved on 2006-11-04. cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship or vessel that carries cargo, goods, and materials from one port to another. Thousands of cargo carriers ply the world's seas and oceans each year; they handle the bulk of international trade. ..... Click the link for more information. Motto "In God We Trust" (since 1956) "E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional) Anthem ..... Click the link for more information. Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships. These can be yachts, military vessels, cruise liners or other cargo or passenger ships. Dockyards are sometimes more associated with maintenance and basing activities than shipyards, which are sometimes ..... Click the link for more information. Allied powers: Soviet Union United States United Kingdom China France ...et al. Axis powers: Germany Japan Italy ...et al. ..... Click the link for more information. Anthem "Das Lied der Deutschen" (third stanza) also called "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit" ..... Click the link for more information. submarine is a watercraft that can operate underwater. Military submarines were first widely used in World War I and are used by all major navies today. Civilian submarines and submersibles are used for scientific work at depths too great for human divers. ..... Click the link for more information. Liberty ships were cargo ships built in the United States during World War II. They were British in conception but adapted by the USA, cheap and quick to build, and came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output. ..... Click the link for more information. Motto "In God We Trust" (since 1956) "E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional) Anthem ..... Click the link for more information. War Shipping Administration (WSA) was a World War II emergency war agency of the US Government, tasked to purchase and operate the civilian shipping tonnage the US needed for fighting the war. ..... Click the link for more information. April 28 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining. Events..... Click the link for more information. 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s 1941 1942 1943 - 1944 - 1945 1946 1947 Year 1944 (MCMXLIV ..... Click the link for more information. Liberty ships were cargo ships built in the United States during World War II. They were British in conception but adapted by the USA, cheap and quick to build, and came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output. ..... Click the link for more information. U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word U-Boot , itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot ..... Click the link for more information. steam engine is an external combustion heat engine that makes use of the heat energy that exists in steam, converting it to mechanical work. Steam engines were used as the prime mover in pumping stations, locomotives, steam ships, traction engines, steam lorries and other ..... Click the link for more information. Hugo Lentz (July 21, 1859–March 21, 1944) was an Austrian mechanical engineer, born in South Africa. He was the inventor of many award winning improvements to the steam engine. ..... Click the link for more information. A compound turbine is a turbine in which there are two casings, a high-pressure casing and a low-pressure casing, operating in concert to extract work from a single source of steam. ..... Click the link for more information. This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. You can assist by [ editing it] now. A how-to guide is available, as is general . This article has been tagged since September 2007. ..... Click the link for more information. Horsepower (hp) is the name of several non-metric units of power. The most occurring conversion of horsepower to watt goes 1 horsepower = 745.7 watts. In scientific discourse, the term "horsepower" is seen as inferior and is rarely used because of its various definitions and ..... Click the link for more information. stern is the rear or aft part of a ship or boat, technically defined as the area built up over the sternpost, extending upwards from the counter to the taffrail. The stern area has always been the location near the steering apparatus (rudder, tiller, ship's wheel, etc), and ..... Click the link for more information. 5"/38 caliber gun is a naval gun installed into Single Purpose [1] and Dual Purpose mounts used primarily by the U.S. Navy. On these 5" mounts, Single Purpose (SP) means that the mount is limited to 35° elevation,[2] ..... Click the link for more information. 3"/50 caliber gun (Mark 22) was a semiautomatic dual purpose anti-aircraft and surface target weapon used by the U.S. Navy from the 1940's through the 1960's on a variety of combatant and transport ship classes with a power driven automatic loader that fired a fixed AA (Anti ..... Click the link for more information. Oerlikon 20 mm cannon" refers to a series of autocannons, based on an original designed by Reinhold Becker during World War I. Various models of Oerlikon cannon were used during the Second World War, and they are still in use today. ..... Click the link for more information. The United States Navy Armed Guard (USNAG) were US Navy Gun crews consisting of Gunner's Mates, Coxswains and Boatswains, Radiomen, Signalmen, an occasional Pharmacist (Hospital Corpsman), and toward the end of the war a few radarmen serving at sea on Merchant Ships. ..... Click the link for more information. United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for conducting naval operations. The U.S. Navy currently has over 340,000 personnel on active duty and nearly 128,000 in the Navy Reserve. ..... Click the link for more information. Haskell class attack transports (APA) were amphibious assault ships of the United States Navy created in 1944. They were designed to transport 1,500 troops and their combat equipment, and land them on hostile shores with the ships' integral landing craft. ..... Click the link for more information. Bofors 40 mm/L60. This example includes the British-designed Stiffkey Sight, being operated by the aimer standing to the right of the loader (turned sideways). It operates the trapeze seen above the sights, moving the sights to adjust for lead. ..... Click the link for more information. Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation was a World War II emergency shipyard located in Portland, Oregon, United States, that built over 1000 Liberty and Victory ships between 1941 and 1945. It was closed after the war ended. ..... Click the link for more information. January 12 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining. Events..... Click the link for more information. 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s 1941 1942 1943 - 1944 - 1945 1946 1947 Year 1944 (MCMXLIV ..... Click the link for more information. February 28 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining. Events
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They're setting out to sea on the SS Lane Victory, the last fully operational ship of the 534 victory ships built for WWII. To see a fully operational World War II Victory Ship, visitors can view the S. Brooks worked aboard the Liberty and Victory ships, as well as fuel tankers. |
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Victory ship